倒伏对冬小麦病害发生情况和产量的影响  

Effects of Lodging on Winter Wheat Diseases Occurrence and Yield

作　　者：董秀春[1] 韩伟 杨洪宾[1] 

机构地区：[1]济宁市农业技术推广站,山东济宁272037 [2]山东省农业技术推广总站,山东济南250013

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2016年第4期27-30,共4页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家小麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-3-2-22)

摘　　要：为了明确小麦发育中后期倒伏后病害发生情况和进行减产量化评估,采用木棍将小麦小心压倒人工模拟大风造成小麦倒伏的方法进行不同倒伏时间和不同倒伏程度处理,分析不同处理对小麦病害、早衰、成熟时间、产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明:小麦在开花期至灌浆期间发生倒伏,主要加重纹枯病和白粉病的发生,病情均为3级,倒伏时间越早,小麦越易早衰和成熟期提前,病情指数与对照的差异也越显著。平铺和倾斜倒伏都使小麦穗粒数减少、千粒质量明显降低而导致大幅度减产,对穗粒数、千粒质量和产量的影响都是开花期>灌浆始期>灌浆中期>灌浆后期,平铺倒伏处理依次减产25.9%、21.1%、10.1%、4.0%,倾斜倒伏处理依次减产9.1%、7.6%、5.0%、1.9%。从倒伏程度对小麦病害、早熟、成熟时间、产量及其构成因素的影响看,都是平铺倒伏的影响大于倾斜倒伏。故在小麦中后期倒伏产量减损评估时,宜将倒伏时间作为重要依据,其次还应结合倒伏程度综合分析。For understanding the effects of wheat lodging during later development period on diseases occurrence and yield reduction,different lodging time and degree experiments were used for systematic and quantitative study. The wooden stick was used for overwhelm wheat simulated lodging by strong wind.Effects of different treatments on the wheat diseases,premature senility,maturity,yield and its components were analyzed. The results showed that wheat lodging from flowering to filling finished mainly aggravated occurrence of sharp eyespot and powdery mildew,and both of them showed the third grade. For one thing,wheat had premature senility and advanced maturity easily,and difference of disease grade of treated group compared to control group was even more significant as early of lodging. For another,both of flat and inclined lodging enabled wheat kernels per spike and the thousand-kernel weight to decrease and then led to severe reduction of yield. Moreover,the effects order of lodging time on yield,kernels per spike and the thousand-kernel weight were anthesis stage 〉initial grain filling stage 〉mid-filling stage 〉late filling stage successively. The yield losses caused by flat lodging at above four stages were 25. 9%,21. 1%,10. 1%and 4. 0% respectively,while by inclined lodging were 9. 1%,7. 6%,5. 0% and 1. 9% respectively.Further,flat lodging had more effects in all the above aspects of wheat than that of inclined lodging.Therefore,when the yield loss at the late development stage was to assess,the lodging period could be regarded as the primary evaluation basis,and then combined with lodging degree for synthetic analysis.

关 键 词：冬小麦 倒伏 病害 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]