吉林省不同时期育成水稻品种农艺性状和叶片光合能力研究  

Agronomic Traits and Leaf Photosynthetic Capacity of Rice Varieties in Different Periods in Jilin Province

作　　者：崔菁菁[1] 张治安[1] 邸玉婷[1] 武志海[1] 陈展宇[1] 吴春胜[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学农学院,长春130118

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2016年第4期43-47,共5页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31171478);吉林省科技厅重点资助项目(20080201);吉林省自然科学基金项目(201215183);吉林省教育厅重点项目(2012044)

摘　　要：为了探明吉林省第一时期(1958—1979年)、第二时期(1980—1999年)和第三时期(2000年以后)培育的水稻品种在遗传改良过程中其农艺性状和叶片光合能力的变化,以不同时期育成的24个水稻品种为材料进行田间随机区组试验,在抽穗后测定并分析其农艺性状、叶片特性和光合功能等指标的变化。结果表明:吉林省第二时期育成品种的产量、有效分蘖数、单位面积穗数、每穗粒数和收获指数较第一时期显著增加,而株高显著降低。第三时期育成品种的单株生物量、剑叶光合能力和单株光合能力比第一期和第二时期显著增加。吉林省水稻品种改良过程中,第二时期较第一时期品种产量的提高,主要是通过农艺性状和叶片特征的遗传改良提高经济系数来实现的;而第三时期与第二时期育成品种的农艺性状和叶片特征变化不大,产量的提高主要是通过提高叶片和植株光合能力,增加生物量来实现的。In order to explore the rice varieties and agronomic traits variation of leaf photosynthetic capacity in genetic improvement of the first period（1958—1979）,the second period（1980—1999）and the third period（after 2000）in Jilin province,the statistical methods were used to analyze the agronomic traits,characteristics and leaf photosynthetic function after heading of 24 rice varieties from different periods based on field trials.The results showed that the yield,tillers,panicles per square meter,per panicle and high harvest index of the varieties bred in the second period increased significantly,but plant height decreased compared with the varieties bred in the first period.The plant biomass,flag leaf photosynthetic capacity and plant photosynthetic capacity of the varieties bred in the third period significantly increased compared to those of the varieties bred in the first period and in the second period.During the process of modifying rice varieties in Jilin province,the increase of output in the second period was realized through genetic improvement of the agronomic traits and characteristics to enhance the economic factor.Compared with the varieties bred in the second period,the varieties bred in the third period had no significant differences for agronomic traits and characteristics of blade change.The improvement of production is mainly achieved by increasing leaf and plant photosynthetic capacity and the biomass.

关 键 词：水稻 品种 遗传改良 农艺性状 叶片 光合能力 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]