辽西地区不同灌溉方式下玉米耗水规律研究  

Water Consumption Characteristics of Maize under Different Irrigation Methods in Western Liaoning

作　　者：杨晓丽[1] 何俊仕[1] 付玉娟[1] 董克宝[1] 杨钦[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学水利学院,沈阳110866

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2016年第4期59-64,共6页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：水利部公益性行业科研专项(1261530110115)

摘　　要：为了探究地面灌和膜下滴灌2种灌溉方式下不同生育期干旱处理对玉米生长发育以及产量的影响,通过辽宁西部朝阳市建平县试验站的测坑试验,分析了各处理对玉米生长性状、耗水量、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,充分灌溉条件下,苗期、拔节期、抽雄期膜下滴灌的株高均高于地面灌,且各生育阶段相同的干旱处理对膜下滴灌的影响较地面灌大;除苗期外,地面灌的茎粗都大于膜下滴灌;整个生育期膜下滴灌的叶面积都大于地面灌,且各生育期干旱处理对叶面积的影响不大;不同的生长阶段,玉米的耗水差别较大,且在抽雄期进行干旱处理能够有效减少玉米整个生育期的耗水量;2种灌溉方式充分灌溉条件下玉米产量差异不大,地面灌灌浆期亏水,产量显著降低,膜下滴灌苗期和灌浆期干旱处理对产量的影响都很大;膜下滴灌的水分利用效率明显高于地面灌。In order to explore the effects of drought treatment on growth and yield of maize in different growth stages under the ground irrigation and the drip irrigation under film mulch,through pit test in Jianping County of Chaoyang City,the influences of drought treatment under different growth stages on growth traits,water consumption,yield and water use efficiency of maize under two different irrigation methods were studied.The results showed that under the condition of full irrigation,the plant height of drip irrigation under film mulch was higher than that of the ground irrigation at the seedling,jointing and male stage,and the effects of drought treatment in different growth stages on the drip irrigation under film mulch were more than that of the ground irrigation;In addition to seedling stage,the stem diameter of the drip irrigation under film mulch was greater than that of the ground irrigation;The leaf area of drip irrigation under film mulch was higher than that of the ground irrigation,and each growth period of drought treatment had little effect on the leaf area.In different growth stages,the water consumption was different,and the drought treatment in the male period could effectively reduce the water consumption of the whole growth period;Under the condition of full irrigation,the yield of maize under the condition of two different irrigation methods had little difference,the yield was significantly decreased with the drought treatment at the filling stage of ground irrigation,and the yield was significantly lower with the drought treatment at the seedling and filling stage of the drip irrigation under film mulch.The water use efficiency of drip irrigation under film mulch was obviously higher than that of ground water irrigation.

关 键 词：膜下滴灌 地面灌 耗水量 产量 水分利用效率 玉米 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]