液化规范判别与实际震害现象的差异对比——以唐山地震震害为例  

The comparison of Liquefaction between Estimated by Code and the Earthquake Damage—An Example of the Tangshan Earthquake

作　　者：方怡[1] 黄雅虹[1] 吕悦军[1] 张力方[1] 钱海涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地震局地壳应力研究所,地壳动力学重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《震灾防御技术》2016年第1期76-85,共10页Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务(ZDJ2015-04);地震行业科研专项(2014419002);北京市优秀人才培养资助青年骨干个人项目(2015000057592G270);北京市自然科学基金(8164065)共同资助

摘　　要：砂土液化判别是地震地质灾害判定和预测的一项重要工作,判别方法以规范为主,但在实际工作中发现规范的判别结果与实际情况存在差异。本文在查阅大量唐山地震震害资料的基础上,选择3个典型工程场地,根据实际钻孔现场标贯原位测试数据,采用《建筑抗震设计规范》中的方法进行液化判别,发现规范判别结果与实际震害现象之间存在着一些差异。分析认为,抗震设防烈度与实际地震动不同、地下水位变化、上覆非液化土层的厚度、局部场地效应、地震动持时以及实验造成的人为误差等,均是造成差异的原因。分析结果也表明,规范中的判别方法具有较普遍的适用性和较强的实用性,但由于基础数据的局限性及判别公式本身存在的定性异常,其判别结果的合理性还有待于进一步研究论证,这也是造成判别结果与实际震害现象存在差异的原因之一。本文的研究结果对地震液化的机理认识、判别方法的完善,均具有一定的意义。Liquefaction estimation is an important job in distinguishing and predicting the earthquake hazards. In general, it mainly accomplished by the code. In practice, however, there exist some differences between code estimation and the earthquake damage. Based on the damage records of the Tangshan Earthquake, we choose three typical sites, and collect the drilling data, and calculate the liquefaction situation by the code. The result shows that the difference between liquefaction estimated by code and the earthquake damage is obvious. These differences may come from the difference between seismic fortification intensity and the ground motion, variation of groundwater level, the thickness of unliquefied layer, local site effect, seismic duration and artificial error. It also suggests that due to the limitation of the basic data and the qualitative abnormality of the formula, the reasonability of results from the method of liquefaction estimation in the code needs to be researched further, even though the method has been widely used and has good practicability for now. Results of this paper have some significance in recognizing the mechanism of liquefaction and improving the method of liquefaction estimation.

关 键 词：液化 规范 震害 唐山地震 

分 类 号：TU435[建筑科学—岩土工程] P315.9[建筑科学—土工工程]