水力坡度变化下的降雨—出流试验研究  

Experimental Study on Rainfall and Discharge under the Change of Hydraulic Gradient

作　　者：岑鑫雨 肖先煊[1,2] 蔡国军[1,2] 杨术刚 张家森[1,2] 王欣[1,2] 黄宇彬[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]成都理工大学环境与土木工程学院,四川成都610059 [2]成都理工大学国家级地质工程实验教学示范中心,四川成都610059

出　　处：《水力发电》2016年第5期7-11,共5页Water Power

基　　金：国家重点实验室人才培养项目(SKLGP2014Z014);四川省教育厅基金项目(11ZB038);成都理工大学中青年骨干教师培养计划

摘　　要：为探讨小流域出流对上游降雨的动态响应特征,在室内建立了潜水渗流地质模型,并开展了一定降雨条件下,水力坡度逐渐增大及水力坡度逐渐减小的小流域降雨-出流试验。结果发现,降雨条件不变,流域出流的峰值流量持续时间随水力坡度增大而减小,流量变化段的持续时间随水力坡度减小(增大)而增大(减小);流域出流流量峰值会在降雨结束之前出现。分析认为地下径流的流域产、汇流模式对于降雨的响应较地表径流、壤中流与地下径流综合模式灵敏。研究为山前平原的地下水资源评价及陆面水体与地下水的水文过程的研究提供数据参考。In order to study the dynamic response characteristics of runoff to the rainfall in upper reaches of small watershed, a indoor geological model of water flow is established, and a series of experiments of rainfall- flow under the conditions of gradual increasing and decreasing of hydraulic gradient and the condition of certain rainfall are conducted respectively. The test results show that：（ a） when the rainfall condition is constant, the duration of peak flow of drainage basin will decrease with the increase of hydraulic gradient, and the duration of flow rate variation will correspondingly decrease or increase with the increase or decrease of hydraulic gradient; and（ b） the peak discharge of basin will appear before the end of rain. The analyses believe the flow pattern of underground runoff of river basin responses more sensitive to the rainfall than the patterns of surface runoff and integrated interflow and underground runoff. This study can provide data reference for groundwater resources evaluation and hydrological process research of surface water and groundwater of piedmont plain.

关 键 词：降雨 潜水 水力坡度 试验 

分 类 号：TV121.1[水利工程—水文学及水资源]