三七总皂苷心脑血管药理作用及其溶血反应  

Balance between cardiovascular pharmacological and hemolytic effects of saponins of Panax notogenseng

作　　者：韩淑娴[1] 游云[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中药研究所,北京100700 [2]北京中医药大学中医内科学教育部重点实验室,北京100700

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2016年第5期818-822,共5页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81274006)

摘　　要：三七总皂苷（total saponins of Panax notognseng,PNS）对于心脑血管疾病具有明确的治疗效应和广泛的应用前景,同时皂苷所具有溶血特性与其分子结构类型及用药剂量有关。该文一方面总结了近5年来PNS在心脑血管药理方面的研究进展;从整体、器官、细胞、分子水平的多项研究表明,PNS具有改善心肌缺血、抗血栓、抗炎、抗氧化、抗动脉粥样硬化、调节血管内皮细胞功能、改善脑缺血损伤等方面的作用。另一方面,通过对PNS以及单体皂苷溶血反应的结构特点、剂量以及检测方法等方面进行文献综述,发现PNS的溶血作用与其分子结构类型及用药剂量密切相关。三七皂苷的结构不同,溶血活性不同,构效关系提示,原人参二醇C-20上糖侧链的长度以及C-3上二糖的连接方式可能影响皂苷的溶血活性。PNS在一定剂量范围内（2.5~250 mg·L-1）无溶血活性,在高浓度（≥500 mg·L-1）时表现出溶血特性。因此,根据三七皂苷单体溶血与抗溶血作用的特点及量效关系,通过控制PNS中具有溶血活性的皂苷单体比例,并通过改进溶血检测方法,可以为三七皂苷制剂临床合理应用提供保障。PNS（ total saponins of Panax notognseng,PNS） has a clear effect and wide application prospect for cardiovascular diseases. At the same time,saponins have hemolytic properties,which are related to its molecular structure type and dosage. On one hand,this article summarizes the research progress of PNS in heart cerebrovascular pharmacology pharmacological in recent five years,a number of studies both in vitro and in vivo for overall body,organs,cells and molecules,show that PNS could improve myocardial and cerebral ischemia injury,and it has effects in resisting thrombosis,inflammation,oxidation,atherosclerosis,and modulating vascular endothelial cells function and improving the cerebral ischemia injury etc. On the other hand,the hemolysis effect of PNS is closely related to its molecular structure type and administrating dosage. Different structures bring about different hemolysis activities. Structure-activity relationship suggests that the length of sugar side chains attached to C-20 and the disaccharide connection mode on C-3may influence the hemolysis activity of PNS. Within the dose range from 2. 5 to 250 mg·L-1,PNS has no hemolysis activity. However,PNS exhibits hemolytic properties at high concentrations（ ≥500 mg·L-1）. Based on the hemolytic or anti-hemolysis characteristics of saponins,and dose-response relationship,the rational clinical application of PNS can be guaranteed by controlling the ratio of hemolytic monosaponins in PNS and improving the hemolytic test method.

关 键 词：三七 三七总皂苷 药理作用 心脑血管疾病 溶血 

分 类 号：R285.5[医药卫生—中药学]