秸秆燃烧排放PM_(2.5)特征及影响因素研究  

Characterization and Influence Factors of PM_(2.5) Emitted from Crop Straw Burning

作　　者：王玉珏[1] 胡敏[1] 王渝[1] 秦艳红[1] 陈红阳[2] 曾立民[1] 雷建容[3] 黄晓锋[3] 何凌燕[3] 张瑞芹[2] 吴志军[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室北京大学环境科学与工程学院,北京100871 [2]郑州大学化学系,郑州450001 [3]城市人居环境科学与技术重点实验室北京大学深圳研究生院环境与能源学院,深圳518055

出　　处：《化学学报》2016年第4期356-362,共7页Acta Chimica Sinica

基　　金：环保部公益性行业科研专项(No.201409010);国家自然科学基金重大项目(Nos.91544214;21190052);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(No.XDB05010500)资助~~

摘　　要：生物质燃烧向大气中排放大量颗粒污染物,在中国,收获季节大量秸秆被直接露天燃烧处理,对区域环境质量和人体健康造成严重影响.对我国最主要的两种粮食作物玉米和小麦秸秆的露天燃烧进行模拟,分析颗粒物排放水平,特征及影响因素.玉米和小麦秸秆燃烧PM_(2.5)排放因子分别为1082.8和835.7~897.3 mg/kg.有机物是颗粒物最主要组分,总量占PM_(2.5)质量的42%~66%.Cl^-和K^+分别占PM_(2.5)总质量的4%~15%和2%~14%,K^+/EC值为0.5~3.8.各物种在颗粒物中所占比例与之前研究结果一致.秸秆含水量和燃烧温度影响PM_(2.5)排放水平和组成特征.随秸秆含水量增加,PM_(2.5)和OC的排放因子增加;秸秆含水量增加,燃烧温度逐渐降低,由生物质燃料释放进入烟气中的K^+和Cl^-比例逐渐减小导致二者在颗粒物中的比例降低.我国每年由玉米和小麦秸秆露天燃烧排放的PM_(2.5)和OC分别为92.7 Gg和47.5 Gg,在总量中占重要比例.Large quantities of particulate pollutants are emitted into the atmosphere during biomass burning processes. In China, large amounts of agricultural residues are burned in the field during harvest seasons, which influence regional air quality and human health. Corn and wheat are two major crops grown in China, whose burning was simulated in this study. The controlled laboratory simulation of straw burning was performed in the Laboratory of Biomass Burning Simulation at Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School. The burning simulation system was improved and verified. Straw burning aerosols（PM2.5） samples were collected and measured by gravimetric method. Organic carbon（OC） and elemental carbon（EC） were measured by thermal/optical method. Water-soluble inorganic ions and organic matter were measured by ion chromatography. Emission level, characterization and influence factors of crop straw burning aerosols are discussed. PM2.5emission factors of corn and wheat straw burning are 1082.8 and 835.7-897.3 mg/kg, respectively. Organic matter（OM）, which is calculated by multiplying organic carbon（OC） by 1.3, is the major component of PM2.5, accounting for 42%-66% of the total mass. Nearly half（37%-50%） of OM are water soluble. Cl^- and K^＋are two major components among water-soluble inorganic ions, accounting for 4%-15% and 2%-14% of total particle mass, respectively. The K^＋/EC ratio is 0.5-3.8. The proportions of these species in PM2.5 are comparable to previous studies. Straw moisture content and burning temperature influence the emission level and characterization of straw burning aerosols. Emission factors of PM2.5 and OC increase with the increase of straw moisture content because of incomplete burning. With higher moisture content, more thermal energy is used for the evaporation of water, lowering the burning temperature. Then less proportion of K^＋and Cl^-are released from biomass into the smoke. Therefore, their contributions to the particle mass decrease with the increase of straw

关 键 词：生物质燃烧 秸秆 PM2.5 排放因子 特征 影响因素 

分 类 号：X712[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X513