冰相粒子的相对增长对非感应起电影响的模拟研究  

Numerical Simulation of Influence of Relative Growth of Ice and Graupel on Noninductive Electrification

作　　者：梁梦雪 郭凤霞[1,2] 吴鑫[1,2] 江涛[1,2] 石海峰[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,南京210044 [2]南京信息工程大学中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开放实验室,南京210044 [3]江苏省气象局天安公司,南京210009

出　　处：《高原气象》2016年第2期538-547,共10页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201306069);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2014CB441403);中国气象科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(2013Z006);国家自然科学基金项目(41275008)

摘　　要：为了深入认识不同条件或不同区域中冰相粒子相对增长状况对雷暴云内非感应起电过程的影响,将基于S91非感应起电参数化方案引入到三维强风暴动力-电耦合数值模式中,模拟分析了一次典型雷暴过程的霰粒和冰晶的生成和消耗过程以及随高度的分布特征;同时分析了雷暴云成熟时期不同时刻霰粒子和冰晶的比含水量等的增长变化状况,将不同时刻霰粒子-冰晶之间非感应起电的电荷转移极性和量级,与霰粒子和冰晶的相对增长状况作对比分析。结果表明,霰粒和冰晶由于所处环境的不同温度和液水含量条件而通过不同的微物理过程增长或消耗;细微的温度或液水含量条件的差异都会影响两类粒子的相对增长快慢;而两类冰相粒子中相对增长更快的粒子荷正电,增长更慢的粒子荷负电,相对增长的快慢决定了两种冰相粒子在非感应起电过程中所带电荷极性和量级。In order to realize the effect of relative growth of ice phase particles in different conditions or different regions on non-inductive electrification process within the thunder cloud,the non-introduction electric parameterization scheme based on S91 laboratory results is introduced into the three-dimensional dynamic-electrification coupled model. Simulated the process of a typical thunderstorm,the generation and consumption process of graupel and ice crystals and the distribution features of the particles with height are analyzed in this paper. The changes in growth situation of water content etc. of graupel particles and ice crystals in the different time of thunder cloud mature period are analyzed,and we compare the noninductive electric charge transfer polarity and magnitude between graupel particles and ice crystals in defferent time with the relative growth status of graupel particles and ice crystals. Analysises of the simulations show that graupel particles and ice crystals grow or consume through different micro physical process,due to different environment conditions of temperature and liquid water. Subtle differences of the temperature or liquid water content condition will affect the relative growth of two types of particles. The relative growth faster particles in two types of ice phase particles charge positively,slower growth particles charge negatively. Relative growth speed determines the polarity and magnitude of two type′s ice phase particles taking charge in the process of the inductive electrification.

关 键 词：冰相粒子 相对增长 非感应起电 电荷转移 

分 类 号：P427.321[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]