近10年来神木县土地利用变化和生态效应的地形特征分异研究  

Analysis on Terrain Characteristic of Land Use Changes and Its Ecological Effect During the Last 10 Years in Shenmu County

作　　者：封建民[1] 郭玲霞[1] 陈玲侠[1] 

机构地区：[1]咸阳师范学院资源环境与历史文化学院,陕西咸阳712000

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2016年第3期132-136,共5页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：陕西省科技计划项目(2011JM5015);陕西省普通高等学校优势学科建设项目(历史地理学:0602);陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目(15JK1785)

摘　　要：以神木县为研究区,利用2000年和2010年2期遥感影像解译获得的土地利用/覆被数据和DEM数据,对近10年神木县土地利用/覆被变化（LUCC）及其生态效应的地形分异特征进行研究。结果表明：（1）神木县各用地类型变化在不同地形因子等级下分异性特征明显。耕地在所有高程和坡度上均减少,尤其在950-1 250m的较缓坡和缓坡上减少最为明显;草地、林地、建设用地和未利用地的变化主要集中在1 050-1 250m的平地、微坡和缓坡上;工矿用地的变化主要集中在950-1 250m坡度小于5°的缓坡和平地;水域在海拔〈950m和1 150-1 250m的区域略有增加,而在其他高程级上明显减少,在不同坡度上的变化显示,水域在所有坡度均减少且在平地和微坡上减少最明显;（2）生态系统服务价值在高度〉1 250m的高海拔地区和坡度〈5°的平地和微坡减少,而在其他高程和坡度级均增加。LUCC的生态效应模数大致随高程等级增加而增加,而在各坡度等级上呈明显的＂V＂形特征。因而高海拔的平地和陡坡对研究区生态环境产生的影响最为显著。Taking Shenmu County as study area,based on the land use change information obtained from TM images in 2000 and 2010and the data of DEM,using the method and mode about ecological value estimation,we comprehensively analyzed the change rule of land use and its ecological effect in different altitude and slope.The results show that：（1）the distribution and change of different land use types had obvious differentiation characteristics in every terrain factor level,arable area had sharply reduced in low gentle slope and gentle slope with altitude of 950-1 250 m.The areas of grassland,woodland,built-up and unused land increased significantly in flat,slight slope and gentle slope with altitude of 1 050-1 250 m.The phenomenon of the area increase of industrial land happened in the flat and slight slope with altitude of 950-1 250 m.The water body slightly increased at the altitude of 〈950m and 1 150-1 250 m,but obviously reduced at the other altitude grades with reduction in all slope levels,especially concentrated in flat and slight slope area;（2）the ecosystem service values had reduced in high altitude localities with altitude〉1 250 mor flat and slight slope area,meanwhile increased at the other elevation and slope levels.The modulus of ecological effects generally increased with the increase of elevation level,but appeared obvious‘V＇shape characteristics in grade level.Thus the flat and abrupt slope land of high altitude localities with altitude more than 1 250 m strongly affected ecological environment in the studied area.

关 键 词：土地利用变化 生态效应 生态系统服务价值 神木县 

分 类 号：F301.24[经济管理—产业经济]