1981-2010年重庆地区季节性干旱时空变化特征分析  

Analysis of the Characteristics of Temporal and Spatial Variation of Seasonal Drought During 1981-2010 in Chongqing City

作　　者：赵伟[1] 张宇[2] 张智红 

机构地区：[1]重庆工商大学旅游与国土资源学院,重庆400067 [2]重庆工商大学环境与生物工程学院,重庆400067 [3]重庆农村土地交易所,重庆400067

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2016年第3期192-198,203,共8页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：教育部人文社科项目(13YJCZH268);重庆市决策咨询与管理创新项目(cstc2013jccxA0158);重庆市教委科技项目(KJ120726)

摘　　要：根据重庆市34个气象观测站点的实测气象数据,选择标准化降水指数(SPI)为干旱指标,计算了1981—2010年各气象站点逐年逐月SPI值,统计30年间各站点的干旱情况,在此基础上从年、季两个尺度分析了重庆市各地区的干旱频率、干旱强度和干旱范围(干旱站次比),研究其干旱的时空变化特征。研究结果表明:(1)重庆市年尺度干旱发生频率呈西高东低的分布特点,干旱发生强度整体主要为中等强度,渝东北干旱强度最高,中西部和渝东南强度较低,干旱发生范围在30年间呈逐渐增大趋势,年际干旱站次比差异性大,基本与历史上的重大干旱年份相吻合;(2)季尺度冬旱频率最高,夏旱次之,春旱最低;夏旱强度最高,秋旱稍低,春旱强度最低。春、夏、冬旱的强度和频率空间分布较为相似。干旱演化在春、冬季呈下降趋势,夏、秋季呈上升趋势,说明对夏、秋干旱的防灾御灾工作需要进一步加强;(3)结合年、季尺度,从总体上看,干旱主要频发于渝东北和中西部,其强度也较大,渝东南干旱发生的频率和强度都较低。According to measured meteorological data of 34 meteorological observation stations in Chongqing City,we select standardized precipitation index as drought index to calculate SPI value of each meteorological stations month by month and year by year from 1981 to 2010and statistic drought degree of every station during 30 years.On this basis,we analyzed frequency,intensity and coverage of drought on the annual and seasonal scales,examined its temporal and spatial variation characteristics.The results show that：（1）Chongqing′s annual drought frequency is high in the east and low in the west,while drought intensity is mainly medium,highest in northeast Chongqing and relatively low in midwest and southeast Chongqing,drought occurrence area shows the trend o gradual increase over the period of 30 years,annual drought stations proportion differs greatly,is basically consistent with the history great drought year;（2）on the seasonal scale,drought happened most frequently in winter,followed by summer,autumn and spring,summer drought was the most severe among the four seasons,followed by autumn drought,winter drought and spring drought,the spatial distribution of spring,summer and winter drought was quite similar,the drought evolution in spring,winter showed a downward trend while in summer,autumn it showed a upward trend,reminded us to further strengthen the summer,autumn drought disaster prevention work so as to resist disaster;（3）Based on annual and seasonal scales,drought happened frequently in northeast and midwest Chongqing,the frequency and intensity of drought occurring in southeast Chongqing are relatively low.

关 键 词：干旱 标准化降水指数 时空变化 

分 类 号：S161[农业科学—农业气象学]