论合作原则及其准则  

On the Theory of Cooperative Principle and Its Maxims

作　　者：王健平[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学政治与行政学院

出　　处：《华南师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第1期182-188,192,共7页Journal of South China Normal University：Social Science Edition

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学规划项目"现代逻辑视野中的当代真理论研究"(GD11XZX017)

摘　　要：格赖斯的合作原则理论给人们从会话角度分析日常语言提供了某些理论依据,但套用康德的范畴分类法给合作准则分类并不合适。言者提供了多余或欠缺的信息、说假话或表达不清楚不一定是不合作或要传达某种会话涵义。量、质、方式准则更像是一种社会、道德的要求而非普遍有效的会话规则。合作原则的基本精神是会话相关。就会话涵义的推出看,会话不相关的实质是表达者的话不符合正常会话的惯例。利奇的"礼貌原则"沿着格赖斯的错误方向走得更远,列文森的会话涵义三原则并非谈合作原则,关联理论之"关联"与合作原则不是一个概念。The theory of Grice's Cooperative Principle provides certain theory basis for people to analyze daily language from the perspective of conversation. But it is not suitable to apply Kant's Category Taxonomy to the classification of cooperative maxims. If the speaker provides extra or missing information,lying or expressing unclearly,it does not necessarily mean noncooperation or conveying a certain Conversational Implication. Maxim of quantity,quality and manner are more like social and moral requirements rather than universally effective conversational rules. The relevant session is the basic spirit of Cooperative Principle. According to the connotation of conversation,the essence of irrelevant session is that the speakers' words do not conform to the normal conversational practice. The Politeness Principles of Leach go further along the Grice's wrong direction; Levinson's Three Principles of Conversational Implicature are not talking about the Cooperative Principle; and the'relevance'in Relevance Theory is not the same concept as the Cooperative Principle.

关 键 词：合作原则 准则 相关 会话涵义 

分 类 号：B81-0[哲学宗教—逻辑学]