云浮市2012―2014年水痘疫情流行特征与疫苗接种情况分析  

Epidemiological characteristics and vaccination status of varicella in Yunfu City,2012- 2014

作　　者：赖辉兵[1] 罗立旷 黄海锋[1] 陈伟玲[1] 邓小凤[1] 陈伟文[1] 

机构地区：[1]云浮市疾病预防控制中心,广东云浮527300

出　　处：《华南预防医学》2016年第2期134-137,共4页South China Journal of Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析云浮市2012―2014年水痘发病特征和流行趋势,为制定防控措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对云浮市2012―2014年水痘疫情资料进行分析。结果2012―2014年云浮市共报告水痘病例1 169例,年均发病率为16.25/10万。发病有明显的季节特征,集中在5―8月和11月至次年1月,分别占发病总数的32.76%(383/1 169)和42.60%(498/1 169)。发病数居前3位的地区分别为云城区(451例)、云安区(297例)、郁南县(292例);发病年龄以<15岁儿童为主,占总病例数的89.14%(1 042/1 169);男性698例,女性471例,男女性别比为1.48∶1;职业分布以学生为主(占38.32%),其次为散居儿童(占33.02%)和托幼儿童(占21.47%)。2012―2014年云浮市全人群水痘疫苗平均接种率为1.44%,郁南县接种率最高(1.93%),不同地区间接种率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 2012―2014年云浮市水痘疫情呈上升趋势,发病呈现春夏季和冬季双高峰,疫苗接种率存在地区差异,今后应有针对性地重点加强城区适龄儿童和高年龄组儿童的水痘疫苗接种工作,将水痘疫情控制在较低水平。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trends of varicella in Yunfu City, so as to provide scientific basis for the development of the prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was adopted to analyze the incidence data of varicella in Yunfu during 2012 -2014. Results A total of 1 169 varicella cases were reported during this period and the average annual incidence was 16.25/100 000. The incidence peaks were observed during May-August and November-January, accounted for 32.76% （383/1 169） and 42.60% （498/1 169） of total cases, respectively. The top three areas with the most reported cases were Yuncheng District （451 cases） , Yun＇an District （297 cases）, and Yuhan County （292 cases）. The cases were mainly the children aged below 15 years, accounted for 89.14% of the total cases （ 1 042/1 169）. Of all the cases, 698 were male and 471 were female, with a male to female ratio of 1.48： 1. The occupational distributions of varicella cases were mainly the schoolchildren （38.32% of the total cases）, followed by the scattered children （33.02%） and the children in child care settings （21.47%）. The average varicella vaccine coverage was 1.44% in Yun- fu City during 2012 -2014. Vaccination coverage was highest for Yuhan County （ 1.93% ）. Differences in vaccination coverage rates were statistically significant between different areas （P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion The incidence of varicella presented a rising trend and double peaks in spring-summer and winter in Yunfu City during 2012 - 2014, and the varicella vaccination coverage rates varied in different areas. The varicel- la vaccination should be strengthened among the young children to control the incidence of varicella in the future.

关 键 词：水痘 流行病学 疫苗 

分 类 号：R511.5[医药卫生—内科学] R181[医药卫生—临床医学]