近二十年南洞庭湖水禽栖息地变动研究  

Changes of waterfowl habitat in the southern Dongting lake during recent two decades

作　　者：刘师师[1] 赵运林[1,2] 徐正刚[1] 李宽[1] 陶彦妤 吴良[1] 何文[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南城市学院,湖南益阳413000 [2]中南林业科技大学,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2016年第3期117-122,共6页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：国家林业公益性行业科研专项(201304310);湖南省大学生研究性学习和创新性实验计划项目

摘　　要：湿地是珍贵的自然资源和生态系统重要的组成部分,也是大部分水禽的栖息地和繁衍地。为了明确南洞庭湖水禽栖息地在自然和人为干扰的双重影响下的变动趋势,研究利用卫星遥感技术、地理信息系统(GIS,Geographical Information System)的空间分析功能,并结景观生态学原理,对近二十年南洞庭湖典型年份的水禽栖息地的变动进行研究。结果表明:1989年到2013年间,水体面积先有小幅度增长,后有小幅度减少,总体呈增长趋势;到2013年,泥滩地保留率仅为0.57%,占南洞庭湖面积的0.02%;草滩地和芦苇滩地之间存在相互转化,最终芦苇滩地得到大面积增长;南洞庭湖水禽适宜栖息地面积减少,总体呈退化趋势;相关景观指数说明南洞庭湖土地利用类型呈现减少趋势。研究分析认为政府决策及泥沙淤积是造成此变化的主要原因。通过对南洞庭湖近二十年水禽栖息地状况进行评价,分析其水禽栖息地变动的原因,为南洞庭湖水禽栖息地保护和湿地管理决策提供参考。Wetland is not only a precious natural resources and an important component of ecosystem, but also the habitat and treasure land for reproduction of most water birds. In order to understand the change trends of southern Dongting lake, which effected by natural change and human disturbance. In this study, satellite remote sensing technology, spatial analysis function of geographical information system and landscape ecology principle were employed. We chose the typical years of southern Dongting lake to get the change information of waterfowl habitat during recent two decades. The result shows that water area has a small increase at first, and then has a slight decrease between 1989 and 2013, but showing increasing trend. In recent two decades, mudflats retention rate was only 0.57%, accounting for 0.02% of the southern Dongting lake area. There were a mutual transformation relationship between the marsh and reed beach and eventually reed beach got a large area. The waterfowl habitat showed a degradation trend in general in southern Dongting lake. Landscape index proved that land use types of southern Dongting lake are decreasing. According to the study analysis, these changes were mainly caused by the government decision and sedimentation. Through evaluating the situation of southern Dongting lake waterfowl habitat nearly two decades, and analyzing the causes of changes for the waterfowl habitat, the study provided a reference for the southern Dongting lake waterfowl habitat conservation and wetland management decisions.

关 键 词：南洞庭湖 水禽 栖息地 变动 遥感 

分 类 号：S718.521.1[农业科学—林学]