高寒草甸矮嵩草的环境适应性研究进展  

Research progress on environmental adaptability of Kobresia humilis in Alpine Meadow

作　　者：李积兰[1,2] 李希来[2] 

机构地区：[1]青海大学生态环境工程学院,西宁810016 [2]青海大学农牧学院,西宁810016

出　　处：《生态科学》2016年第2期156-165,共10页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41161084);青海省科学技术厅国际科技合作计划(2013-H-801);青海大学中青年科研基金项目(2013-QNT-3);教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT13074)

摘　　要：青藏高原高寒草甸的建群种矮嵩草(Kobresia humilis)以自身重要的生态价值、营养价值、耐寒耐牧和高抗逆性,对该地区生态环境的稳定和畜牧业的发展具有重要意义。由于全球气候变暖,长期超强度的放牧压力和啮齿动物的破坏活动,使矮嵩草的生存和发展受到严重破坏,使高寒草甸生态系统受到了一系列既有的或潜在的影响。因此,学者们从各方面研究矮嵩草及其生态系统,以期实现矮嵩草草甸草地的可持续利用。总结了矮嵩草的资源特性、矮嵩草对自然干扰和人为干扰环境的适应,以及适应环境的形态结构和生理生态特征等方面的研究进展,旨在为今后深入开展矮嵩草相关研究,高寒草甸草地的可持续利用、保护和恢复提供科学参考。Kobresia humilis as a keynote species of alpine meadow is of enormous significance to the stability of local ecological environment and the development of animal husbandry in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau because of its important ecological value, its nutritional value, its grazing value, and its ability to tolerate cold climate and resist stress. The living environment and development of Kobresia humilis have been badly damaged due to global warming, long-term intensive grazing, and the destruction by mice activities. These processes have caused a series of existing or potential effects on the ecological system of alpine meadow. Therefore, researchers have studied Kobresia humilis and its ecological system from various aspects so as to make sustainable use of Kobresia humilis meadow. In this paper, we summarized the latest research advances about Kobresia humilis resource, including its characteristics, adaptation to natural disturbance and human-triggered disturbance, and the changed environment in its morphological structure, physiological and ecological characteristics etc. This review will serve as a valuable scientific reference for future researches on Kobresia humilis, sustainable utilization, protection and restoring of alpine meadow grassland.

关 键 词：青藏高原 矮嵩草 高寒草甸 环境适应性 “黑土滩”退化草地 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]