倾斜角度对滑片压缩机运行特性影响的试验研究  

Experimental Research on Effects of Inclination Angle on Sliding-Vane Compressor Operating Characteristics

作　　者：孙晨[1] 徐向华[1] 梁新刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学航天航空学院热科学与动力工程教育部重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《载人航天》2016年第3期381-385,393,共6页Manned Spaceflight

基　　金：创新研究群体科学基金(51321002)

摘　　要：压缩机是空间蒸汽压缩热泵系统的关键，从现有的压缩机中筛选合适的压缩机，研究其重力影响特性并加以改进是技术路径之一。通过改变滑片式汽车空调压缩机的倾角，研究重力方向对热泵系统及压缩机运行的影响。结果表明当倾角为O°～360°，吸热量为2000～3500W时，热泵系统均能正常工作；其中压缩机处于竖直和倒置的角度下，热泵系统性能有所下降，蒸发温度最大增加了7．5℃，蒸发冷凝温差和COP的最大相对变化量分别为15％和7．6％。压缩机内部高压气体通过油孔向低压侧的泄漏造成容积效率的下降，是影响其性能的主要原因；但油孔供油功能的下降没有明显影响压缩机的机械效率。The application of compressor under microgravity is one of the key technologies of space vapor compression heat pump. Finding an appropriate candidate compressor that may have the potential for space application by testing its gravity direction effect and making improvement is one of the possible solutions. The sliding-vane compressor used on automobiles was investigated on its gravity direction dependence by experiments. The performance at various inclination angles were measured. The results demonstrated that the sliding-vane compressor could keep working smoothly in the cooling capacity range of 2000 ~ 3500 W and angle range of 0° ~ 360°. but there was a decrease in the heat pump performance when the compressor inclination was changed from normal position to the upside down position. The evaporation temperature increased by 7. 5℃ at most,and the maximum changes in the temperature difference between evaporation and condensation was 15% and maximum COP variation was 7. 6%. The reason of performance reduction was due to the leakage of high pressure gas to the low pressure side through returning hole of lubricant. However,there was not obvious reduction in the mechanical efficiency of the compressor.

关 键 词：热控制 蒸汽压缩热泵 微重力 滑片压缩机 

分 类 号：TK121[动力工程及工程热物理—工程热物理]