荒漠草原风蚀地表颗粒空间异质特征  

Heterogeneity of Soil Particles in Wind Erosion Surface of Desert Steppe

作　　者：丁延龙[1] 蒙仲举[1] 高永[1] 娜仁格日勒 黄昕[1] 刘斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [2]锡林郭勒盟镶黄旗国营苗圃,内蒙古锡林郭勒013250

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2016年第2期59-64,共6页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中国科学院西部之光项目"内蒙古中西部荒漠草原地表粗粒化过程研究";内蒙古农业大学优秀青年科学基金(2014XYQ-8)

摘　　要：[目的]研究希拉穆仁荒漠草原地区风蚀地表颗粒的空间异质特征,对研判风蚀地表退化程度,进而合理保护与利用该区草地资源提供支持。[方法]利用数字图像处理技术,获取了希拉穆仁荒漠草原坡面表层土壤颗粒组成信息,结合经典统计学和地统计方法,研究易风蚀颗粒（〈0.42mm）、中等颗粒（0.42~0.84mm）、不易风蚀颗粒（〉0.84mm）的空间分布格局。[结果]荒漠草原地表颗粒含量组成表现为：不易风蚀颗粒〉中等颗粒〉易风蚀颗粒;颗粒变异系数变化范围为11.23%~38.17%,属中等程度变异。3种颗粒最优半方差函数模型分别为指数、球状、球状模型;Kriging插值结果显示坡顶土壤颗粒组成最粗,自坡顶向下表现出变细的趋势;南坡与西南坡土壤粗化最严重,粗化程度由重到轻依次为：南（S）〉西南（SW）〉西北（NW）〉西（W）〉东南（SE）〉北（N）〉东北（NE）〉东（E）。[结论]研究区土壤颗粒具有强烈的空间自相关性,土壤颗粒组成空间变异性主要由结构性因素引起,人为干扰也产生了一定影响。[Objective] The spatial heterogeneity of wind-eroded surface particles in Xilamuren desert steppe area was studied to estimate the surface-erosion-caused degradation in order to guide the protection and utili- zation of grassland resources in this area. [Methods] Digital image processing technique was used to obtain the composition information of soil particles in a desert steppe slope. The spatial heterogeneity of three parti- cles as highly erodible particles（〈0.42 ram）, semi-erodible particles（0.42~0.84 mm）, and non-erodible particles（〉0.84 ram） was analyzed with classical statistical and geostatistical methods. [Results] The re- suits showed the percentage rank of the three kinds of soil particle was non-erodible particles〉semi-erodible particles〉highly erodible particles. The coefficients of the variation ranged from 11.23% to 38.17M, indica- ting that soil particles had a moderate degree of variability. The optimal semivariance models were exponen- tial, spherical and spherical models respectively. The results of Kriging demonstrated that the most soil par- ticle on the top of slope was coarse, and displayed an decreasing tread from the top to the bottom in the slope profile. The most severity of soil coarsening was found at the south and southwest of the slope, the rank of coarse degree was as follows ： South 〉 Southwest 〉 Northwest 〉 West） Southeast 〉 North 〉 Northeast East. The results can provide reference to grassland desertification control in the future. [Objictive] Geosta- tistical analysis displayed strong spatial correlation, indicating that the spatial variability of soil particles was mainly caused by structural factors. Human activities also has its effect on it.

关 键 词：数字图像处理 土壤颗粒组成 空间异质性 荒漠草原 

分 类 号：P931.3[天文地球—自然地理学]