2000-2010年塔里木河流域气候特征及其变化趋势  

Characteristics and Change Trend of Climate in Tarim River Basin During 2000-2010

作　　者：高国雄[1] 贾俊姝 戴俊生[3] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国城市出版社,北京100053 [3]新疆农业科学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2016年第2期332-336,共5页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：新疆农业科学院"塔里木河流域综合治理工程生态经济效益评价";黄河水土保持工程建设局"黄河上中游地区水土保持效益评价"

摘　　要：[目的]分析塔里木河流域气候特征及其变化趋势,为该流域后续治理及生态经济发展提供科学指导。[方法]利用塔里木河流域44个气象监测站的气象要素观测资料,采用Excel和SPSS 11.0软件进行气象数据分析,利用ArcMap 10.0和Surfer 8.0软件进行制图,对该流域2000—2010年的气候特征及其变化趋势进行分析和研究。[结果]塔里木河流域气候条件极其恶劣,气候类型受地貌类型和地形条件制约,以干旱和极干旱气候为主,分别占流域总面积的73.16%和15.97%;年均气温、年日照时数、年降水量和年蒸发量以夏季最高,年均相对湿度以秋冬季较高,大风主要发生在春季和夏季;各气象要素的空间分布特征受到地形地貌特征的影响,基本遵循以塔里木盆地为中心,向外围逐渐发生变化的总体规律。[结论]近10a来,塔里木河流域的年均气温、年降雨量、年日照时数及年平均风速呈上升趋势,而年均相对湿度、年蒸发量则呈下降趋势。[Objective]The climate characteristics and its change trend of Tarim River basin from 2000 to 2010were analyzed to provide scientific instructions for soil and water conservation and ecological economy development.[Methods]Data collected from 44 meteorological stations in Tarim River basin during 2000—2010were analyzed using Excel and SPSS 11.0statistical software.Map was drawn by Arcmap 10.0and Surfer 8.0software.[Results ]Local climate is harsh as conditioned by the geomorphic type and terrain condition.Arid and extremely arid climate are dominated in Tarim River basin,covered about 73.16% and 15.97% of the basin area,respectively.Annual average temperature,sunshine duration,precipitation and evaporation attained their highest values in summer;whereas,annual average relative humidity were comparatively higher in autumn and winter,and wind occured mainly in spring and summer.Spatial distribution meteorological elements were all affected by topographical features.characterized by the centralization and peripherization in the inward and outward of the basin.[Conclusion]In the past 10 years,the annual average temperature,annual rainfall,annual sunshine duration and the annual average wind speed of Tarim River basin had increase tendencies,while the annual average relative humidity,annual evaporation were declined.

关 键 词：气候特征 变化趋势 季节指数 塔里木河流域 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学] P467[农业科学—农业基础科学]