美国信用评级机构对第三人侵权之司法实践评析与借鉴——以信赖义务理论为中心  

Critical Analysis of the Judicial Practice of U. S Credit Rating Agency(CRA) towards the Third Party: Based on the Fiduciary Duty Theory

作　　者：原凯[1] 

机构地区：[1]华侨大学法学院,福建泉州362021

出　　处：《宁夏社会科学》2016年第3期74-80,共7页NingXia Social Sciences

基　　金：华侨大学中央高校基本科研基金项目(项目编号:JB-SK1141)

摘　　要：美国信用评级机构是美国金融市场极为重要的专门中介组织,是投资者克服金融市场信息不对称的重要桥梁。随着评级领域商业模式的转换和利益冲突的加剧,评级行为的风险在不断累积并集中体现在2008年美国金融危机中。此后,美国信用评级机构定位不明、规范不足和监管软弱的现状得到了重视,有关方面对此强化了相应的立法和监管举措,而美国法院则在司法实践中独辟蹊径,从信赖义务视角,就信用评级机构对第三人侵权行为问题进行了有效的司法规制,包括从忠实义务角度规制信用评级机构的故意侵权行为以及从注意义务角度规制信用评级机构的过失侵权行为,从而为美国信用评级机构规制体系的全面构建做出了独特贡献,而我国信用评级机构的规制建设也应从中得到有益借鉴。The U.S. Credit Rating Agency （CRA） is an extremely important specialized intermediary in U. S. financial market, and is also a significant bridge for investors to overcome information asymmetry. With the transformation of business model and intensification of interests conflict, the risks relating to credit rating began to accumulate and finally outburst in the U. S financial crisis in 2008. Thereafter, the unclear legal status, insufficient regulation and weak supervision of CRA lead to strengthening measures on the legislation and supervision. The U. S courts in judicial practice effectively regulate the tort of CRA to third party from the perspective of fidu- ciary duty, which includes the regulation of intentional tort from the perspective of duty of loyalty and regulation of negligent tort from the perspective of duty of care. Thus, the judicial regulation put froward by the U. S courts makes special contribution to tbe construction of U. S credit rating regulation system.

关 键 词：信用评级机构 侵权 信赖义务 

分 类 号：D908[政治法律—法学理论]