乌拉尔甘草开花特性研究  

Study on the Flowering Characteristics of Glycyrrhiza uralensis

作　　者：高素芳[1] 张延红[1] 陈红刚[1] 李金田[1] 杜弢[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃中医药大学,兰州730000

出　　处：《中国药房》2016年第13期1775-1777,共3页China Pharmacy

基　　金：国家中医药管理局基金资助项目--国家基本药物所需中药材种子种苗繁育基地建设;甘肃省普通中医药科研立项资助课题(No.GZK-2011-63)

摘　　要：目的：研究甘草开花规律,为甘草杂交育种提供理论依据。方法：观察甘草开花顺序、花的外部形态与内部结构的相关性、一日开花高峰期和朵花开放动态,同时测定花粉-胚珠比（P/O）以及开花不同时期的花粉生活力。结果：甘草主茎上的花序先开,开放顺序为从下至上,开至3-5个花序时侧枝上的花序开始开放,开放顺序亦为从下至上。旗瓣开缝大小与小花的散粉情况密切相关。10：00-13：00和15：00-18：00时间段是甘草的一日开花高峰期。朵花从开放至合拢约需32 h,至萎蔫约需35 h。P/O=260.46,为兼性异交。旗瓣张开2-5 mm时花粉生活力最高。结论：该研究结果可指导甘草有性杂交育种,为甘草的新品种培育奠定良好的理论基础。OBJECTIVE：To study the regularity of Glycyrrhiza uralensis,and to provide theoretic basis for cross breeding of G. uralensis. METHODS：The flowering sequence of G. uralensis was observed,as well as the correlation of flower external morphology and internal structure,flowering rush hour a day,flower blooming dynamics. At the same time,pollen-ovule ratio（P/O）and pollen viability at different flowering periods were determined. RESULTS：Flowers on main stem firstly bloomed,the opening order was bottom-up,and when three to five flowers bloomed,the lateral branch began to bloom,which order was also bottom-up.There was a closely correlation between the situation of pollen shedding and the size of banner blooming. 10：00-13：00 and 15：00-18：00 were flowering rush hour. A flower from bloom to closed needed about 32 hours,wilting about after 35 hours. P/O=260.46,it was facultative xenogamy. When banner bloomed 2-5 mm,the pollen had the highest life force. CONCLUSIONS：The results can guide the sexual hybridization breeding of G. uralensis,and lay a good theoretical basis for its new varieties breeding.

关 键 词：甘草 开花顺序 一日开花动态 朵花开放动态 花粉-胚珠比 

分 类 号：R931.2[医药卫生—生药学]