油田常用节能抽油机分析及应用  

Application of energy-saving oil pumping unit in oilfield

作　　者：朱文广 

机构地区：[1]大庆油田水务公司

出　　处：《石油石化节能》2016年第4期33-34,10-11,共2页Energy Conservation in Petroleum & PetroChemical Industry

摘　　要：抽油机是油田主要耗能设备,因其结构可靠被广泛应用,约占机采设备的65%。目前油田常用抽油机类型主要有常规游梁式抽油机、塔架式抽油机、偏置游梁式抽油机和矮型异相曲柄平衡抽油机。抽油机选型主要是参考抽油机的额定载荷,但由于油田井下情况复杂,为了适应油田生产的需要,选型还要参考抽油机的结构特点和节能效果。经过对比试验,塔架式抽油机节电效果最好,有功节电率为29.88%;异相型复合平衡抽油机有功节电率为9.33%;矮型异相曲柄平衡抽油机适用于负荷低的井,有功节电率为15.60%。对于稠油开采建议采用长冲程、低冲速的塔架式抽油机,对于稀油且产液量小的井建议用矮型异相曲柄平衡抽油机,异相型复合平衡抽油机易由普通游梁式抽油机改造而成,适合井况变化不大的抽油机节能改造。Oil pumping unit is the main energy-consuming equipment.It has been used widely because of its reliable structure,and is about 65%of the mechanical recovery equipments.Currently the main types of oil pumping unit used commonly is a conventional beam pumping unit,a tower type pumping unit,a bias beam pumping unit and a dwarf type of out-phase crank pumping unit.Selection of oil pumping unit type should reference the rated load.However,because of the complicated downhole situation,in order to meet requirements of oilfield production,the type selection must reference oil pumping unit structural features and the energy-consumption level.After comparative tests,the tower type pumping unit has the best energy-saving effect,the active saving-power rate is 29.88%;the active saving-power rate for out-phase compound balance pumping unit is 9.33%;the dwarf type out- phase crank pumping unit is suitable for low load wells,the active saving-power rate is 15.60%.For heavy oil recovery,the tower type pumping unit with long-stroke and low frequency of stroke should be recommended,for light oil and small fluid production oil wells,it is recommended to use a dwarf type out-phase crank pumping unit.Because the ordinary beam pumping unit is easy to be transformed by using out-phase compound balance unit,for changing-less oil wells,it is suitable to be used for energy-saving renovation.

关 键 词：油田 节能 塔架式抽油机 异相型复合平衡抽油机 矮型异相曲柄抽油机 

分 类 号：TE933.1[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]