下肢骨折患者血栓事件发生的危险因素及其预防  

Risk Eactors of Occurrence of Thrombotic Events in Patients with Lower Extremity Fractures and the Prevention

作　　者：罗斌[1] 阳波[1] 叶永杰[1] 刘东[1] 李磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省遂宁市中心医院,遂宁629000

出　　处：《血栓与止血学》2016年第2期168-170,共3页Chinese Journal of Thrombosis and Hemostasis

摘　　要：目的研究下肢骨折患者血栓事件发生的危险因素及其预防性干预。方法选取我院164例下肢骨折患者为研究对象,收集下肢骨折患者可能发生血栓的危险因素,包括年龄、性别、发病至手术时间,是否合并高血压、糖尿病、脑血管疾病与高脂血症等。比较血栓发生者与未发生血栓者的基本资料得出血栓发生的危险因素。预防性措施采用低相对分子质量肝素(LMWH)将164例患者分为两组,其中预防组100例,未预防组64例,比较两组患者血栓发生率。结果合并血栓患者与未合并血栓患者性别、是否合并脑血管疾病比较无统计学意义(P>0.05),高龄、发病至手术时间延长,合并高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症为下肢骨折患者血栓发生的危险因素;预防组血栓发生率为21.00%(21/100),未预防组血栓发生率为40.63%(26/64),两组血栓发生率比较差异有显著性(χ2=7.351,P<0.05)。结论高龄、发病至手术时间延长、合并高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症为下肢骨折患者血栓发生的危险因素,采取预防措施可降低下肢骨折患者血栓事件的发生率。Objective To study the risk factors of occurrence of thrombotic events in patients with lower extremity fractures and the preventive intervention. Methods 164 patients with lower extremity fractures in our hospital were selected as the research objects. The possible risk factors of occurrence of thrombus in patients with lower extremity fractures were collected,including age,the time from onset to operation,whether or not combined with hypertension,diabetes,cerebrovascular disease or hyperlipidemia and so on. The basic data and the clinical data of the patients with and without thrombus were compared to obtain the risk factors of the occurrence of thrombus. Meanwhile,according to whether or not receiving preventive intervention measures（ low molecular weight heparin）,164 patients were divided into two groups,including 100 cases in the prevention group and 64 cases in the non prevention group. The incidence rates of thrombus in the two groups were compared. Results There were no statistically significant differences in gender and whether or not comnined with cerebrovascular disease between patients with and without thrombus（ P〉0. 05）. Advanced age,prolonged time from inset to operation,combined with hypertension,diabetes or hyperlipemia were the risk factors of occurrence of thrombus in patients with lower extremity fractures. The incidence of thrombus in the prevention group was 21%（ 21 /100）,while in the non prevention group was 40. 63%（ 26 /64）（ χ2= 7. 351,P〈0. 05）.Conclusion Advanced age,prolonged time from inset to operation,combined with hypertension,diabetes or hyperlipemia are the risk factors of occurrence of thrombus in patients with lower extremity fractures. Preventive intervention measures can reduce the incidence of thrombus in patients with lower extremity fractures.

关 键 词：下肢骨折 血栓事件 危险因素 预防 

分 类 号：R681.8[医药卫生—骨科学]