脊柱腰骶段生物力学特性及内固定材料的应用  

Biomechanical properties of the lumbosacral spine and application of internal fixation materials

作　　者：孙弘昊 郭庆升[2] 朱志勇[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国医科大学临床三系,99期79班辽宁省沈阳市110033 [2]辽宁省人民医院骨外2科,辽宁省沈阳市110016 [3]辽宁省人民医院骨外3科,辽宁省沈阳市110016

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2016年第16期2425-2432,共8页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：辽宁省科学技术厅自然科学基金资助项目(201102104)~~

摘　　要：背景:近年来,建立在脊柱生物力学和材料科学基础上的脊柱内固定技术取得了迅猛发展。目的:综述脊柱腰骶段生物力学特点,以及不同内固定材料在腰骶段脊柱结核稳定性重建中的作用。方法:应用计算机检索Medline、中国期刊全文数据库中的相关文献,检索关键词为"腰骶段脊柱结核,生物材料,内固定,lumbo-sacral spinal tuberculosis,Biomaterials,fixation"。结果与结论:坚强内固定是腰骶段结核的常规固定手段,内固定材料的应用提高了腰骶段脊柱结核治疗时重建脊柱序列和稳定性的疗效。金属材料如不锈钢、钛及钛合金因坚强内固定而被广泛应用,金属内固定材料最大的缺点是内固定后沉降、不透光性、应力遮挡效应和骨质疏松,影响了融合效果及内固定后影像学观察;可吸收材料具有良好的生物相容性和可降解性,是近年来用于骨科内固定的新兴材料。应根据椎体破坏程度和腰骶稳定性改变,研究其固定的生物力学结果,选择合适的内固定材料。BACKGROUND： In recent years, the spinal internal fixation technology has made rapid development based on biomechanics and material sciences. OBJECTIVE： To review the biomechanical characteristics of the lumbosacral spine and the application of various internal fixation materials in the reconstruction of spinal stability after lumbosacral spinal tuberculosis. METHODS： A computer-based search of Medline and Chinese Journal Full-Text Database was performed for relevant articles using the keyword of ＂lumbosacral spinal tuberculosis, biomaterials materials, fixation＂ in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Rigid internal fixation is a conventional treatment for lumbosacral tuberculosis, which improves the spinal alignment and stability during the spinal reconstruction. Metallic materials such as stainless steel, titanium and titanium alloys have been widely used in rigid internal fixation, but metal sedimentation, non-transparency, stress shielding and osteoporosis after internal fixation impact the fusion effects and imaging observation. Absorbable materials as newly-developing materials have good biocompatibility and biodegradability in orthopedic internal fixation. To select the appropriate material for internal fixation, the biomechanical properties of internal fixation materials will be investigated according to the degree of vertebral damage and lumbosacral stability.

关 键 词：内固定器 脊柱 生物力学 组织工程 生物材料 骨生物材料 内固定 金属材料 可吸收材料 腰骶段脊柱结核 稳定性 

分 类 号：R318[医药卫生—生物医学工程]