气候因素对鼠疫分布影响的研究进展  

Advance to the research of the climate factor effect on the distribution of plague

作　　者：张爱萍[1] 魏荣杰[1] 熊浩明[1] 王祖郧[1] 

机构地区：[1]青海省地方病预防控制所鼠疫预防控制科,西宁811602

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2016年第5期459-462,共4页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：青海省（应用）基础研究计划项目（2013-Z-747）

摘　　要：鼠疫是由鼠疫耶尔森菌引起的人畜共患传染病，其发生受包括气候因子在内的多种因素的影响。近年来有关气候因素对鼠疫影响的研究越来越多。研究表明，气候因素（主要是降雨量与气温）通过影响鼠疫宿主动物丰度和跳蚤指数进而影响鼠疫的发生与分布，而且气候对鼠疫流行动力学、鼠疫流行范围等都有影响。气候对中国南北方人间鼠疫的影响也有着明显的差异。在“独居达斡尔地松鼠．传播媒介-鼠疫”和“群居蒙古沙鼠．传播媒介-鼠疫”2个不同的鼠疫流行体系中，鼠疫宿主动物对气候变化的响应存在着明显的种群差异。虽然降雨量、跳蚤指数、啮齿动物密度与鼠疫之间的内部关系支持营养级联假说，但还不能证明鼠疫发生与降雨量之间存在明确的因果关系，所以气候因素对鼠疫分布的影响目前只能用于鼠疫的预测与预警。Plague is an anthropozoonotic disease caused by the Yersinia pestis, which developed by many factors including local climate factors. In recent years, more and more studies on the effects of climate on plague were conducted. According to the researches, climate factors （mainly the rainfall and temperature） affected the development and distribution of plague by influencing the abundance of plague host animals and fleas index. The climate also affected the epidemic dynamics and the scope of plague. There were significant differences existing in the influence of climate on the palgue developed in the north and south China. In the two different plague epidemic systems, the solitary Daurian ground squirrel-flea-plague and the social Mongolian gerbil-flea-plague, the obvious population differences existed among the responses of the host animal to the climate changes. Ahhough the internal relationship between the rainfall, the flea index, the density of rodents and the plague supported the nutritional cascade hypothesis, it can not prove that there is a clear causality between the occurrence of plague and rainfall. So the influence of climate factors on plague distribution can only be used for early forecasting and warning of the plague.

关 键 词：气候 鼠疫 分布 影响 

分 类 号：R516.8[医药卫生—内科学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]