考虑学习效应的新产品R&D项目组合调度模型研究  

A New Product R&D Project Portfolio Scheduling Model Considering Learning Effect

作　　者：陈蓉[1,2] 梁昌勇[1,3] 叶春森[4] 

机构地区：[1]合肥工业大学管理学院,安徽合肥230009 [2]合肥师范学院经济与管理学院,安徽合肥230601 [3]合肥工业大学智能决策与信息系统技术教育部工程研究中心,安徽合肥230009 [4]安徽大学商学院,安徽合肥230601

出　　处：《管理工程学报》2016年第2期101-107,共7页Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(71331002);国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(71271072);高等学校博士点基金资助项目(20110111110006);安徽省哲学社会科学基金资助项目(AHSKQ2014D14)

摘　　要：新产品研发项目组合管理的三个关键因素是人才、研发周期和成本。考虑多技能研发人员的学习效应,将技能增值作为一个主要目标,建立以技能增值、研发周期和成本为目标的新产品研发项目组合多目标调度模型。开发了基于NSGA-Ⅱ的改进算法来求解问题的非劣解集,通过赋予目标不同的权重来考虑决策者对各个目标的偏好,进一步根据理想解法从非劣解集中选出最佳调度方案。最后对合肥某电气公司的配网自动化监控终端新产品研发项目组合调度问题进行了实证分析,分析显示模型贴近企业实践,算法可行、有效,能够满足企业在进行新产品研发项目组合调度时的决策需求。Portfolio management for product innovation has surfaced as one of the most important senior management functions as we move into the 21st century. There are two ways for a business to do right projects, and do projects right. The first way is about project selection. The second way is about how a business allocates its capital and people resources. The current literature on portfolio management focuses on the problem of selecting a subset of projects, but has little considerations on scheduling projects and assigning staff. Although economic objectives （e.g., return of investment） are common in current literature, time and competence objectives have not been thoroughly examined. In new product portfolio management, product development cycle is an essential objective as it determines the speed of new products launched into the market. Competence is also an indispensable objective because promoting competence of research and development is paramount to business＇s future and even the survival. Considering learning effect, this article develops a multi-objective optimization model about multi-skilled workforce. It assumes that an employee has a variety of skills and the level of employee＇s skill will rise along with time for research and development activities.. The objective functions of the model are to maximize the improvement of skills, minimize development cycle and minimize total cost. The model also examines the relationships between subsets of projects by considering each employee＇s levels of different skills as constraints. The model contains three decision goals： increment of skills, development cycle and development cost. It＇s a typical NP-hard problem with nonlinear restrictions. For the computational solution, we develop an improved Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II （NSGA-II） to search Pareto-optimal solutions, and then determine the best solution by using the ideal-poim method to transform the multi-objective model into a single-objective model. The weights of objectives a

关 键 词：项目组合调度 多技能人配置 学习效应 多目标优化 新产品研发 

分 类 号：F224.1[经济管理—国民经济] C935[经济管理—管理学]