有害物品运输网络设计与运输路径优化研究  

Network Design for Route Control of Hazardous Materials Transportation

作　　者：魏航[1] 钟智龙[1] 陈静[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学国际工商管理学院,上海200433

出　　处：《管理工程学报》2016年第2期233-242,共10页Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(71272016);浙江省自然基金资助项目(LY12G02003)

摘　　要：由于在有害物品运输过程中存在巨大的危害,为了降低有害物品运输风险,政府可以通过设立分流设施对有害物品运输车辆进行分流控制,来约束和控制有害物品运输车辆的行车路径,使其避开事故高发路段和人口密集区域,来达到降低风险的目的。首先,对"多起点"-"多终点"有害物品运输中的分流控制问题进行了描述,建立了以总风险最小化为目标的有害物品运输车辆分流控制双层模型,模型的首层为分流设施的选址与关闭路段的选择问题,第二层为给定关闭路段的运输网络下每辆有害物品运输车辆的路径选择问题。然后,利用KKT条件将双层模型转化为单层整数规划,并将非线性约束转化为线性约束。最后,给出了一个算例,算例表明分流设施的设置能够非常有效地降低有害物品运输带来的风险。As China is developing its economy, hazardous materials have been increasingly produced and transported. These materials pose potential risks to the environment and people. People have great concerns in areas where hazardous materials are produced, transported, stored, and used. In the process of transporting hazardous materials, transporters often pass through areas with dense population, and cause potential risks to them. This paper developed an approach to address this special problem. By using the traffic assignment facility, government can reduce risks by controlling the routes of vehicles that carry hazardous materials in order to avoid populated areas. This paper wants to optimally select the locations of assignment facility and assign vehicles to the right path with the objective of achieving the lowest risk.The introduction section reviewed literatures related to the transportation of hazardous materials in four aspects： route choosing, transportation network design, facility locating in discrete network, and traffic assigning. The current literature lacks of study about reducing risks by the means of traffic assignment facilities. To narrow the research gap, this paper adopts ＂multi-origin and multi-destination＂ approaches to study the transportation of hazardous materials. These approaches emphasize on the locations of facilities on one hand and the selections of links for shut down on the other hand. The analysis section discusses the mechanism of overall assignment systems. In general, government aims to minimize the total risk and logistics providers try to minimize the total cost. The bi-level mechanism is evident because government decides the locations and function of traffic assignment facilities. In contrast, distributors try to minimize the cost of routes according to government policy. Based on the analysis, a general math description and a bi-level model are established. The upper level of the model is a non-linear integer programming, and the lower level is a constrained shortest path

关 键 词：有害物品运输 网络设计 风险 路径控制 

分 类 号：U116.2[交通运输工程]