“玉兔”巡视器活动式相机热设计及在轨分析  

Thermal design and on-orbit thermal analysis on YuTu rover movable cameras

作　　者：张冰强[1,2] 向艳超[1,2] 陈建新[1,2] 宋馨[1,2] 马巨印[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国空间技术研究院总体部,北京100094 [2]空间热控技术北京重点实验室,北京100086

出　　处：《中国空间科学技术》2016年第2期58-65,共8页Chinese Space Science and Technology

摘　　要：月面虹湾地区的环境温度为-180^+90℃,需同时解决"玉兔"巡视器活动式相机在桅杆复杂活动下的月昼散热问题和月夜无电能供给下的保温问题;另外月尘的不确定性也给相机热设计带来了风险。因此,月昼极端高温下,转动桅杆为相机寻找最佳避暑姿态,并优化相机开关机时长比例,从而解决相机月昼散热问题。而在月夜极端低温下,则调整相机与巡视器的热耦合状态,将桅杆收拢至围栏内,借用巡视器月夜保温系统进行保温。此外,还对月尘在散热面上的沉降诱因进行分析,并采用限制工作太阳高度角应对月尘带来的风险。热分析和在轨实际数据比对结果表明,采用避暑姿态和间歇工作模式,月昼高温下相机工作温度最高可降低15℃;月夜桅杆收拢,相机温度不低于-26.1℃,相机安全度过月夜,并可节约4.5W同位素功率。文中热控与姿态相耦合的热控方法可解决行星表面巡视探测器活动式相机的高低温难题,降低了热设计的同位素资源,可为中国后续行星表面巡视探测器的热控设计做参考。In the brutal temperature environment in Sinus Iridium with the range between-180℃to ＋90℃,it needs to solve camera heat dissipation during lunar daytime and heat preservation in moonlit night without electric energy supply under the complex rotation of YuTu Rover mast.Besides,the uncertainty of lunar dust still results in risks to thermal design.In order to solve the extreme high temperature problem in daytime,the mast rotates to an optimal position for heat dissipation and avoids the camera being too hot,and the proportion of power on and off is optimized.In extremely low temperature at night,the thermal coupling state of the camera and the rover has been changed;the mast is folded into the fence to keep warm by means of heat preservation systems.Based on the analysis of the cause of dust subsidence,the max sun elevation angle for working is restricted to avoid risks by dust.According to the thermal analysis results and in-orbit results,it can be confirmed that the highest temperature decreased 15 degrees by methods of finding optimal position and optimizing the proportion of power on and off.By folding the mast in moon night,cameras have safely undergone the cold night,therefore 4.5W power generated by RHU has been saved.It indicates that the coupling method between thermal control and posture adjustment can be used to solve the high-low temperature problem of movable cameras on the planet′surface rover,and reduce the rover power demand for RHU.It could provide thermal design reference for the follow-on celestial body surface explorations.

关 键 词：“玉兔”巡视器 导航相机 全景相机 热设计 在轨热分析 月尘 

分 类 号：V476.4[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]