2ZGF-2型甘薯复式栽植机的设计与试验  

Design and experiment of type 2ZGF-2 duplex sweet potato transplanter

作　　者：胡良龙[1] 王冰[1] 王公仆[1] 于昭洋[1] 游兆延[1] 胡志超[1] 王伯凯[1] 高学梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部南京农业机械化研究所,南京210014

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第10期8-16,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家现代农业甘薯产业技术体系专项资金资助(CARS-11-B-16);中国农科院科技创新工程(土下果实机械化收获创新团队);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(14)2005)

摘　　要：为提高甘薯机栽水平,解决传统薯苗机械栽植中下田作业机具多、主要栽插方式短缺、易压垄伤垄、作业质量不高等难题,该文研制出一款与55.13＋80.85 k W大型拖拉机配套的2ZGF-2型甘薯裸苗复式栽植机,该机可一次完成两垄甘薯的旋耕、起垄、破压茬、开沟、栽插、镇压、修垄等作业。该机采用非零速栽插原理,链夹运动轨迹为余摆线,满足了甘薯种植中广泛应用的＂斜插法＂栽插方式作业需求,研究并确定开沟器开沟、链夹放苗与覆土压实三者间协调一致工作的重要结构参数,明确了栽插株距的主要影响因素和调整方法。该文对甘薯栽苗作业质量评价影响最重要的2个指标进行参数优化试验,得出优选参数组合为喂苗露出长度140 mm、开沟深度80 mm、前行速度0.3 m/s,此时立苗角度合格率为97.9%,栽插深度合格率为98.2%,较好的满足了甘薯机械栽插要求。该研究不仅为甘薯栽插市场提供了实用机具,也为甘薯栽插机械创新研发或优化提供了参考。Sweet potato is an important food crop in the world. It is also a raw material for starch industry, and a health food to prevent cancer and a feedstock for bioenergy as well. The sweet potato planting area in China per year on average is usually 3 667 000 hm2, accounting for 45% of the world′s planted area. Sweet potato is usually asexual propagation adopted with root tuber, stem cuttings are transplanted with high ridge in large fields. In order to improve the mechanization transplanting level of sweet potato in China and solve outstanding issues currently existed in mechanization transplanting of sweet potato such as more frequently tractors operation, wheels going in ditches easy to cause damage and break ridges,poor transplanting performance, etc., a type 2ZGF-2 sweet potato transplanting compound operation machine matched with high-powered tractor of 55.13-80.85 k W was developed. The machine can complete two ridges of rotary tillage, ridging,broken stubble, furrowing, transplanting, reshaping operation all at once. This reduced farm working times compared with traditional segment operating machine, saved energy and reduced roller compaction of farmland. The machine had standardized cultivation with row spacing of 900 mm, which was easily matched with the rear wheel track of large and medium tractors, avoiding damage to ridge and tuber. This machine also used the widely used insertion form＂oblique insertion method＂in sweet potato transplanting. The angel between stem exposed to the ground of sweet potato seedlings and ridge top surface after operation was 60°-70°. Non-zero speed transplanting principle was adopted, and motion trajectory of clip-on-chain was trochoid, which properly increased the operation speed of the transplanter as well.Meanwhile, in order to guarantee coordinated work among ditching of furrower, seedling of clip-on-chain, and compaction of roller, the distance between the back-end soil boundary point of furrower and confirmed planting point of clip-on-chain was110 mm. The distance

关 键 词：农业机械 农作物 设计 甘薯 裸苗 栽植 复式机 

分 类 号：S223.9[农业科学—农业机械化工程]