长期膜下滴灌棉田土壤盐分变化特征  

Soil salinity variation characteristics of cotton field under long-term mulched drip irrigation

作　　者：李文昊[1,2] 王振华[1,2] 郑旭荣[1,2] 张金珠[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,石河子832000 [2]石河子大学现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,石河子832000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第10期67-74,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51369027);国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD20B03);石河子大学杰青培育项目(2013ZRKXJQ02)

摘　　要：为阐明膜下滴灌技术对土壤化学性质的影响,选择典型绿洲区（新疆石河子市下野地灌区）进行膜下滴灌1-6 a的棉田,于2009—2013年对其土壤盐分离子变化进行定点监测分析。结果表明,绿洲盐碱区棉田土壤中盐分、Na＋、Ca2＋、Mg2＋、SO2-4以及Cl-随滴灌应用年限延长呈负指数幂函数曲线降低,在膜下滴灌技术使用初期,棉田盐分、离子下降较快,随后降幅减小;滴灌第1年土壤为盐土,滴灌第5年转为轻度盐化土;滴灌第6年后棉花成活率为76.39%,产量为4 515.48 kg/hm2。同时随着滴灌年限延长钠吸附比和Cl-/SO2-4当量比降低,土壤中阴阳离子组成亦在逐年发生变化,长期应用膜下滴灌技术后盐碱土类型将可能由氯化物-硫酸盐盐土转化为硫酸盐盐土。结果表明,绿洲盐碱灌区现行灌溉制度下膜下滴灌棉田土壤盐分向着有利于棉花生长的方向发展。研究可为规模化推广膜下滴灌技术提供一定的理论支持。In the arid area after long-term drip irrigation, the accumulation of soil salinity has attracted a lot of attentions and concerns to researchers, which is also an important factor to limit the agricultural production and affect the oasis ecological stability and the sustain able application of drip irrigation. In order to elucidate the influence of applying drip irrigation technology on soil chemical properties, the percentage change of salinity and salt ions were monitored and analysed in a typical oasis area（Xiayedi irrigation area in Shihezi city of Xinjiang） from 2008 when the drip irrigation was first applied until to 2013. In mid April and mid October of every year, the change of salt ions were monitored in fixed-point soil layer. The total soluble salt content of soil samples were determined and then the content of Na＋, Ca2＋, Mg2＋, SO2-4and Clin soil samples were also determined by using the titration method. The results showed that the salinity, Na＋, Ca2＋, Mg2＋, SO2-4and Cl-in the soil decreased with increasing drip irrigation application years, showing a negative exponent function relationship. The salinity and ions decreased relatively fast during the early period of applying drip irrigation under mulch but then dropped slowly. The soil was saline in the first year of drip irrigation as the average content of soil salinity in 0-100 cm was 24.84 g/kg, higher than 20 g/kg. The average of soil salinity in 0-100 cm was 5.09 g/kg3 g/kg after years of drip irrigation. From the second to sixth year of drip irrigation, cotton survival rate increased from 8.56% to 76.39% and the yield was gradually increased from 853.85 kg/hm2 to 4515.48 kg/hm2. The technology of drip irrigation under film in saline soil made big benefit to local farmers. Sodium adsorption ratio can characterize the soil alkalization, while ratio of Cl-/SO2-4makes a big role in classification of saline alkali soil. Through the calculation and comparison of the ratio of sodium adsorption and the equivalence ratio of Cl-/SO2-4in d

关 键 词：土壤 灌溉 盐分 种植年限 滴灌 盐碱地 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]