宕昌县人群及家养动物利什曼原虫感染与流行现状调查  

An epidemiological investigation of Leishmania donovani infection and its prevalence in the human population and domestic animals in Tanchang County,Gansu Province

作　　者：白雪飞[1] 官亚宜[1] 伍卫平[1] 韩帅[1] 王立英[1] 王莹[1] 朱曜宇 冯宇[2] 李凡[2] 任德毅[2] 杨国兵[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所世界卫生组织热带病合作中心卫生部寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室,上海200025 [2]甘肃省疾病预防控制中心,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中国病原生物学杂志》2016年第3期257-261,共5页Journal of Pathogen Biology

摘　　要：目的调查甘肃山丘型黑热病流行区人群及家养动物利什曼原虫感染与流行现状。方法选择山丘型黑热病流行区甘肃省宕昌县行政村,通过入户问卷调查及血样巢式PCR检测,调查当地人群及家养动物利什曼原虫感染现状,应用IBM SPSS21.0及SAS9.3对黑热病相关影响因素进行统计分析。结果共调查当地居民215人,家犬40只,驴、羊、马等家畜共计35头。人群血样利什曼原虫巢式PCR检测阳性率为22.74%(49/215),犬血样阳性率为22.54%(9/40),驴和马各有一匹阳性。单因素分析劳动年龄人口分组、是否养犬、是否有畜圈、夏秋季是否使用蚊帐、夏秋季晚间户外活动频率不同的人群组间巢式PCR阳性率有统计学差异(P<0.05);多因素分析劳动年龄人口分组与夏秋季晚间户外活动频率纳入多因素回归模型。结论甘肃省宕昌县山丘型黑热病流行区存在大量无症状感染人群,也存在家畜利什曼原虫感染。当地非劳动年龄人口(儿童、老年人)感染率较高,夏秋季晚间户外活动频繁是感染利什曼原虫的危险因素。Objectives To investigate Leishmania donovani infection and its prevalence among the human population and domestic animals in areas of Tanchang County and Gansu Province where visceral leishmaniasis（kala-azar）is endemic,to explore the risk factors for leishmaniasis in humans,and to provide a reference for the further control of visceral leishmaniasis. Methods A household survey was conducted to investigate the rate of L.donovani infection.Based on the survey,villages were selected from areas of Tanchang County and Gansu Province where cases of visceral leishmaniasis are frequently reported.Blood samples were also subjected to nested PCR.The software IBM SPSS19.0and SAS9.3were used to analyze factors related to L.donovani infection. Results Blood samplesS from 215 residents,40dogs,and 35 other domestic animals such as donkeys,sheep,and horses were tested with nested PCR.Human samples tested positive for leishmaniasis at a rate of 22.8%（49/215）according to nested PCR and canine samples tested positive at a rate of 22.5%（9/40）;1donkey and 1horse also tested positive.Univariate analysis of different age groups among the working age population,differing frequencies of outdoor activities（on summer and autumn evenings）,whether households had dogs,whether households had livestock sheds,and whether households used bed nets（on summer and autumn evenings）revealed statistically significant（P〈0.05）differences in the rate at which individuals tested positive for leishmaniasis according to nested PCR.As a result of multivariate logistic regression analysis,only two risk factors,age groups among the working age population and the frequency of outdoor activities（on summer and autumn evenings）,were included in a regression model. Conclusion Nested PCR indicated there are a large number of asymptomatic people and dogs that are infected with L.donovani.Domestic animals such as donkeys and horses were also infected with L.donovani.The non-working age population（children and the elderly）had a higher r

关 键 词：黑热病 无症状感染 巢式PCR 危险因素 

分 类 号：R531.3[医药卫生—内科学]