中国农业是如何走上石油化工道路的?——农业生产方式转型的体制机制动力  

How Chinese Agriculture Embarks on the Petro-chemical Path:Systemic Driving Force for the Transformation of Agricultural Production

作　　者：张慧鹏[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学哲学系 [2]中山大学华南农村研究中心

出　　处：《开放时代》2016年第3期176-189,8,共14页Open Times

摘　　要：20世纪80年代,发达国家石油化工农业的危害性已经充分暴露,向生态农业转型已经成为一股潮流。我国科学界也兴起了生态农业的研究高潮,政府出台了一系列政策,试图推动生态农业的发展。然而,过去三十多年,我国生态农业的发展却面临巨大的体制障碍:分散经营的小农生产模式破坏了农业的整体性和系统性,自由放任的市场机制无法体现生态农业的公共性。相反,以去集体化和市场化为特征的新型农业生产经营体制,自发地引导中国农业生产方式从生态模式向石油化工模式的大转型,由此带来严重的生态环境问题和农产品质量安全问题。不改变既有的体制机制,就不可能实现向生态农业的回归,也不可能从根本上解决生态环境和农产品质量安全问题。In 1980 s,the hazard of petro-chemical agriculture in the developed countries started to unfold,and a transition to ecological agriculture became a trend. In China,scientific researches in ecological agriculture also surged,and the government issued a series of stimulating policies accordingly. However,thirty years have passed,and our ecological agriculture is still facing a big systemic wall:the dispersed mode of small farming breaks down the integrity and systematicity of agriculture,and the laissez-faire market economy cannot possibly accentuate the publicity of ecological agriculture. On the contrary,the new mechanism of farming management which is characterized by de- collectivization and marketization automatically leads Chinese agricultural production away from the ecological mode to the petro-chemical mode and,as a result,causes serious problems in the ecological environment and the quality and security of agricultural products. Unless there is a radical change to the current system,a return to ecological agriculture and a fundamental solution to ecological pollution and the food security problems will not be possible.

关 键 词：农业生产经营体制 生态农业 石油化工农业 市场机制 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济]