落地生根:阳江苗族代耕农的土地交易与家园重建  

Getting Settled Down:Land Transactions and Home Reconstruction of Miao Ethnic Groups in Yangjiang as Hired Farmers

作　　者：温士贤[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学社会学与人类学学院 [2]广东省民族宗教研究院

出　　处：《开放时代》2016年第3期191-204,9,共14页Open Times

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目"人类学视角下现代中国公共记忆与民族认同研究"(项目编号:13AZD099)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：在传统农业社会,村落是一个稳定的人群共同体。为独享村落资源,村落成员严格限制外来群体的进入。20世纪八九十年代,沉重的公购粮任务使作为生存资源的土地沦为农民的负担,田地富余而又缺少劳动力的村落通过招徕外部劳动力来缓解生产压力。在这一背景下,云南山区的苗族人迁移到阳江农村代耕。他们取得异乡土地的耕作权,并通过购置土地和旧宅的形式实现定居。本文认为,在城镇化进程和当前土地政策的合力作用下,村落社会的定居权已成为可交易的商品,进而为外来群体在异乡定居提供了机会。来自异乡的苗族代耕农并非生存压力下的被动行动者,他们在定居的过程中重新建构着自身的社会网络和生存空间。In traditional agricultural society,the village is a stable community. In order for the villagers to have exclusive entitlement to the village resources,immigration from outside is strictly limited. In the last two decades of the 20 th century,the heavy duty of public grain quota tied to the lands became a true burden to the farmers. Those villages which did not have enough hands to work the lands had to hire outside labor. Under such circumstances,the Miao ethnic groups in the mountainous areas of Yunnan moved to the villages in Yangjiang to become hired farmers. As they acquired the right to land farming,they managed to settle down in the newly adopted villages through purchasing lands and old houses. This paper argues that under the joint impact of urbanization and the land policies,the right of settlement in a newly adopted village has become a marketable commodity,providing immigrants from other places with the opportunity to settle down in their new home. The Miao ethnic groups did not act passively under the pressure of survival,rather they reconstructed their own social network and survival space in the course of settlement.

关 键 词：苗族 代耕 土地交易 定居权 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济]