盟誓——关于中国早期国家制度的思考  

Vowing——My Thinking about the Real Nature of China's Early State System

作　　者：田兆元[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学社会发展学院民俗学研究所

出　　处：《中原文化研究》2016年第3期52-58,共7页The Central Plains Culture Research

摘　　要：盟誓制度因其仪式完备,文本具有法典意义而具有早期国家制度的核心特征。在先秦时期,盟誓制度对于形成最高统治者权威,建构天子与诸侯关系具有独特意义。以黄帝、帝舜和夏禹为代表的合符信物模式,以夏启、商汤、周武为代表的会盟誓师语言仪式模式,以歃血为盟的天子诸侯关系的文字法典模式,是中国早期国家盟誓制度的三种基本形式。盟誓国家形态与集权国家并行,在建立包容性共同体、管理边疆事务和培育新兴政治势力方面起到重要作用。以盟誓制度指称中国早期国家,是中国学术话语的表述,也是恢复中国早期国家形态的本来面目的尝试。Because of the complete rites of the vowing system,its text had the meaning of code and the coresystem characteristics of early state. In the pre-Qin ages, vowing system had the unique significance for the formationof supreme ruler authority and the construction of relationship between king and princes. Token mode of combiningtwo parts of a tally represented by Emperor Huang, Shun and Yu, trothing language ceremony mode by Qi of Xia,Tang of Shang and Wu of Zhou, and the code mode by king and princes smearing blood of a sacrifice on mouth arethree basic forms of early state vowing system. The form of vowing state is in parallel with the totalitarian state andplays an important role in setting up an inclusive community, managing border affairs and cultivating new politicalforces. Taking vowing system to represent the China＇s early state is an expression of Chinese academic discourse andalso an attempts to restore the true nature of China＇s early state form.

关 键 词：盟誓制度 早期国家 天子诸侯秩序 中国学术话语 

分 类 号：K2[历史地理—历史学]