R-K蒸散模型用于华北平原冬小麦农田的参数校正与评价  

Calibration and evaluation of R-K evapotranspiration model for winter wheat in North China Plain

作　　者：王娟[1,2] 王建林[3] 刘家斌[4] 姜永超[2] 王国栋[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学理学院,杨凌712100 [2]青岛农业大学理学与信息科学学院,青岛266109 [3]青岛农业大学农学与植物保护学院,青岛266109 [4]青岛农业大学现代农业科技示范园管理处,青岛266109

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第9期99-105,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31171500;31371574);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA05050601)

摘　　要：为了解华北平原冬小麦田蒸散特征,并对蒸散估算模型在冬小麦田的适用性和稳定性进行分析,该文利用涡度相关系统对2013-2015年冬小麦田的蒸散量进行观测,以气象数据为基础对估算模型Rana和Katerji模型(简称R-K模型)进行修正;利用修正后模型对日蒸散量进行预测;并与FAO-PM模型的预测值及涡度相关系统的测量值进行对比,来说明R-K模型在冬小麦田的适用性。结果表明冬小麦田蒸散量有明显的季节变化,日蒸散量在1月底最小,返青期开始逐渐增大,于4、5月份达到最大值;2个冬小麦生长季总蒸散量分别为436.3和334.8 mm。统计参数的对比说明修正后R-K模型对冬小麦田日蒸散量的预测效果优于FAO-PM模型。敏感性分析说明R-K模型对气象因素不敏感,稳定性良好。R-K模型对冬小麦不同生长阶段的蒸散量预测效果在后期表现最佳,其次为发育期、中期和初期,越冬期表现最差。该研究可为利用模型估算蒸散量及指导农田精确灌溉提供参考。Understanding of evapotranspiration（ET） of crops is very important for the research on the balance of water, such as hydrology, agronomy and environmental science. The Penman-Monteith equation（PM equation） has been widely used for predicting the actual ET, but the direct application of the PM equation is very difficult because of the determination of canopy resistance. Two operational models are developed to determine the actual ET based on the PM equation： FAO-PM model（FAO is the abbreviation of Food and Agriculture Organization） and Rana and Katerji model（R-K model）. To analyze the applicability and stability of these 2 models on predicting the ET from winter wheat field in the North China Plain, the dynamic variations of ET from winter wheat field in 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 were studied on the basis of the data obtained with eddy covariance system（EC） and microclimate observations. The applicability of the R-K model was also analyzed in the experimental field. The R-K model was calibrated and validated with the data obtained in winter wheat growing seasons during 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. The daily ET predicted by the R-K model and the FAO-PM model was compared to the observed ET with the EC method. The application of the R-K model in predicting the ET in different growing stages of winter wheat was further studied. Results indicated that the ET of winter wheat showed obvious seasonal variation, and the minimum daily ET occurred in late January（the value was nearly zero）. With the advent of the returning green stage, the winter wheat entered the development stage, and the ET started to increase slowly, reaching the maximum that was 7.37 mm in May for 2013-2014 and 5.72 mm in April for 2014-2015. The minimum monthly ET occurred in January, which was 10.7 and 8.6 mm in 2013-2014 and 2014-2015, respectively; and the maximum monthly ET was 142.8 and 102.5 mm in May for 2013-2014 and 2014-2015, respectively. The total ET of whole growing season was 436.3 and 334.8 mm respectively for these

关 键 词：蒸散 作物 模型 涡度相关法 气象因子 

分 类 号：S161.4[农业科学—农业气象学]