北京市菜地土壤重金属现状分析与评价  

Evaluation and analysis of heavy metals in vegetable field of Beijing

作　　者：索琳娜[1] 刘宝存[1] 赵同科[1] 吴琼[1] 安志装[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所,北京100097

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第9期179-186,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD15B01);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20150704)

摘　　要：近年来北京蔬菜种植业得到迅速发展,已成为农业经济的支柱产业之一。为了解北京地区菜地以重金属为主要指标的土壤环境质量现状,采集北京市主要蔬菜生产区表层土壤（0～20cm）,测定镉（Cd）、铅（Pb）、铜（Cu）、铬（Cr）、锌（Zn）、镍（Ni）、汞（Hg）含量和基础理化性质。依照《土壤环境质量标准》和《土壤环境监测技术规范》采用单项和综合污染指数法进行评价,结果表明,与土壤背景值相比,大兴、昌平、密云、延庆、房山、顺义、通州区内Cd、Cr明显富集,顺义区、房山区Cd质量分数平均值接近于《食用农产品产地环境质量评价标准》限量值（0.40 mg/kg）,但未超过《土壤环境质量标准》中二级限量值（0.60 mg/kg）。Cd、Cu、Zn、Cr单项污染指数平均值处于〉0.7～1.0,属于尚清洁（警戒限）水平,且土壤Cd质量分数变异系数极高,40%以上样点存在＂轻度＂和＂中度＂污染,设施菜地较裸露菜地相比存在较高Cd污染风险。综上,北京市菜地土壤重金属环境质量指标总体安全,处于非污染状态,但存在一定程度的Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn累积污染风险。Over the last decades, large-scale greenhouse vegetable production has been widely developed in the suburban areas of Beijing. However, a lot of agricultural production materials（such as fertilizers, organic fertilizers, pesticides, and agricultural films） are always input into greenhouse conditions to achieve high vegetable production. Therefore, soil contamination problem especially heavy metal pollution has emerged gradually. Due to the direct or indirect threat to food safety, human health, and its detrimental effects on ecosystem, heavy metal pollution in fields has become an important frontier in environmental research and drawn more and more attentions. There have been several studies on the quality of the agricultural soils, concerning about soil fertility, soil enzyme activities, and available microelements. However, there is little discussion on the present heavy metal condition of vegetable field in Beijing. A survey was conducted to analyze and assess the soil heavy metals＇ environmental quality of vegetable field in Beijing. During 2011-2013, a total of 319 topsoil（0-20 cm depth） samples were collected from the main vegetable planting areas in Beijing, which included 8 districts. The sampling sites were randomly collected based on the distribution of local agricultural land use. Soil pH value ranged from 6.11 to 9.03. Most of the soil samples were alkaline, and 80.50% of the samples had the pH value of above 7.50. The mean values of the heavy metal concentrations were（0.24±0.28）,（75.71±47.21）,（7.71±4.50）,（0.08±0.06）,（23.80±6.09）,（23.48±3.91）,（24.96±4.68）, and（89.92±27.96） mg/kg for cadmium（Cd）, chromium（Cr）, arsenic（As）, mercury（Hg）, lead（Pb）, nickel（Ni）, copper（Cu）, and zinc（Zn）, respectively. In addition, the background values of heavy metals in Beijing were also listed for reference（0.12, 29.80, 7.09, 0.07, 24.60, 26.80, 18.70 and 57.50 mg/kg for Cd, Cr, As, Hg, Pb, Ni, Cu and Zn）. The concentrations of Zn, Cu, A

关 键 词：土壤 重金属 污染 北京市 菜地 评价 

分 类 号：X825[环境科学与工程—环境工程]