先天性心脏病患儿营养及喂养现状的调查研究  

The nutritional and feeding status of infants with congenital heart disease:a multi-center study

作　　者：张慧文[1] 顾莺[2] 王慧美[3] 浦凯[4] 朱卉敏[5] 潘晓兰[6] 易敏[7] 唐晓敏[8] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学护理学院,上海200032 [2]复旦大学附属儿科医院护理部 [3]复旦大学附属儿科医院心胸外科,200032 [4]南京医科大学附属南京儿童医院心胸外科 [5]武汉市儿童医院心胸外科 [6]深圳市儿童医院心胸外科 [7]重庆医科大学附属儿童医院心胸外科 [8]浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院心胸外科

出　　处：《中华护理杂志》2016年第5期578-582,共5页Chinese Journal of Nursing

基　　金：复旦大学护理科研基金重点项目(FNF201202);2013年国家临床重点专科建设项目[2013]544号

摘　　要：目的描述先天性心脏病患儿营养及喂养现状，为形成针对性的喂养策略提供依据。方法采用自制营养管理调查表和婴幼儿喂养指数评分对2014年4月至2015年2月在上海、南京、武汉、深圳、浙江和重庆地区6所医院就诊的732例先天性心脏病患儿进行营养及喂养现状调查。结果先天性心脏病患儿急慢性营养不良的发生率分别为26．1％和13．9％．手术患儿急慢性营养不良的发生率分别为30．7％和18．7％，非手术患儿急慢性营养不良的发生率分别为24．9％和12．7％：先天性心脏病患儿喂养困难的发生率为17．5％；6～12月龄先天性心脏病患儿喂养合格率为9．7％；纯配方奶粉喂养患儿的能量摄入为（370．15±151．50）KJ／（kg·d），仅45．2％的患儿达WHO建议正常婴儿能量需要量。结论先天性心脏病患儿营养不良的发生率处于较高水平，存在能量摄入明显不足、喂养困难以及喂养不合格，目前无标准喂养策略，仍需临床研究以探索最佳干预方法，以针对性解决患儿喂养问题。Objective To investigate nutrition and feeding status of infants with congenital heart disease,in order to form targeted feeding strategies. Methods It was a cross-sectional study design. Six hospitals located in Shang- hai,Nanjing,Wuhan,Shenzhen,Zhejiang and Chongqing participated in this survey. A self-designed questionnaire and Infant and Child Feeding Index（ICFI） were used to investigate nutritional management status of infants with con- genital heart disease from April,2014 to February,2015. Results A total of 732 subjects were involved. The inci dence of acute and chronic malnutrition was 26.1% and 13.9% respectively;the energy intake averaged（370.15± 151.50）KJ/（kg.d） for exclusive formula-fed infants with congenital heart disease and only 45.2% met the standard of WHO recommended energy requirements for normal infants;the incidence of feeding difficulty was 17.5% ;the qualified rate of complementary feeding was 9.7%. Conclusion The incidence of malnutrition of infants with con- genital heart disease was at a high level. Feeding problems existed significantly among infants with congenital heart disease,manifested inadequate energy intake,feeding difficulties and feeding failure. There was no standard feeding strategies to solve all problems,and more clinical studies were needed to explore the best interventions for infant with congenital heart disease to solve specific feeding problems.

关 键 词：心脏病 婴儿 超低出生体重 儿童营养障碍 

分 类 号：R473.72[医药卫生—护理学]