陕西省妇女健康体检情况与改进措施研究  

Women′s health physical examination in Shaanxi province

作　　者：周开园[1] 向英[2] 安改梅 胡永红 张洁琼[2] 陆洲[2] 

机构地区：[1]第四军医大学航空航天卫生勤务学教研室 [2]第四军医大学卫生勤务学教研室 [3]陕西省消防总队医院 [4]解放军69026部队卫生队

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2016年第4期257-259,共3页Chinese Preventive Medicine

基　　金：陕西省科学技术研究发展计划项目(2012KMR30)

摘　　要：目的通过分析陕西省妇女健康体检情况,为促进妇女参加健康体检提出建议。方法 2006年1月1日至2014年9月30日,对陕西省某三级甲等医院健康查体中心数据库中,妇女体检人群宫颈刮片、液基薄层细胞检测(TCT)结果等数据进行描述性统计分析,利用SPSS 17.0软件,独立样本资料率的比较采用χ2检验,检验水准α=0.05。结果妇女健康体检人群中,95.07%为免费团体体检,4.93%为自费体检。2006-2014年,妇女宫颈癌筛查人数增加近7倍;1 880人检出宫颈异常细胞,平均检出率2.49%。TCT技术异常细胞检出率高于宫颈刮片巴氏涂片技术,差异有统计学意义(χ2=27.85,P<0.05);样本不满意率低于宫颈刮片巴氏涂片,差异有统计学意义(χ2=188.65,P<0.05)。结论健康体检对妇女重大疾病预防保健有重要意义。建议将有条件现金转移支付(CCT)模式引入低收入妇女人群健康体检,以优惠或免费政策激励妇女健康体检,通过政策牵引来提高妇女健康体检率和妇女重大疾病预防保健水平。Objective To understand the status of women′s health physical examination and to offer some suggestions for the improvement of their physical check up. Methods A descriptive analysis was conducted on data of cervical pap smear and liquid based cytology test retrieved from database of physical examination center in a top tier hospital in Shaanxi from January 1,2006 to September 30,2014.Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results 95.07% of women received physical check up for free.From 2006 to 2014,the number of women who accepted cervical cancer screening increased dramatically by nearly 7times and 1 880 individuals had abnormal cervical cells tested by pap smear with the average detection rate of 2.49%,which was much higher when tested by TCT,the difference was significant（χ^2=27.85,P〈0.05）,while,specimen unsatisfactory rate was much lower by TCT than by pap smear（χ^2=188.65,P〈0.05）. Conclusions Women′s health examination is an important factor in the prevention of major diseases,but the policy is affecting women′s health examination：（1）Introduce the conditional cash transfers（CCTs）model into healthy populations of low-income women;（2）Encourage women to health examination by allowances,and raise the level of women′s health prevention.

关 键 词：健康体检 妇女 宫颈癌 乳腺癌 政策激励 

分 类 号：R194.3[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]