宁夏甘草锈病发生规律初步研究  

Preliminary Research on Epidemic Regularity of Liquorice Rust in Ningxia

作　　者：陈宏灏[1] 南宁丽[1] 张治科[1] 张蓉[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院植物保护研究所,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《中国现代中药》2016年第3期289-291,共3页Modern Chinese Medicine

基　　金：宁夏农林科学院科技先导项目(NKYJ-14-05);宁夏自然基金(NZ14198)

摘　　要：目的:锈病是宁夏人工种植甘草的主要病害之一,长期以来其流行规律不清,本文旨在初步揭示甘草锈病在宁夏发生规律。方法:采用田间系统调查监测甘草锈病流行动态,通过染色观察甘草锈菌夏孢子侵染过程,根据病症以及冬孢子、夏孢子萌发条件推断锈菌越冬阶段,通过成偶检验法观察病害传播方式。结果:甘草锈病在宁夏一个生长季节有两个高峰期,分别于6月中旬和9月上旬。夏孢子萌发后在气孔旁或气孔上方形成附着胞,直接从气孔侵染,部分芽管不形成附着胞,通过甘草叶片的腺体侵入,在15℃下甘草锈菌夏孢子68 h能够完成侵染过程,但在35℃下仅潜育期就长达24 d。甘草锈菌以冬孢子或菌丝体越冬,成为次年初侵染源,夏孢子靠气流传播造成再侵染,病害呈中心传播,属于多循环病害。结论:明确了甘草锈病消长规律、侵染过程和病害循环规律,为该病害科学、有效防治提供了理论支撑。Objective： Rust was one of the main diseases of artificial planting licorice in Ningxia,The research is aimed to explore the on licorice rust epidemic regularity that was not clear for a long time. Methods： Licorice rust epidemic dynamics was nvestigated by field monitoring,urediospore infection process was studied by dyeing observation,Overwintering stage was deduced by symptoms and spore germination conditions, disease transmission patterns tested by even method. Results： There were two peak period in a growing season, in the middle of June and early of September respectively. Urediospore produced appressorium after germination beside or above the pores, infected from the stomatal directly,others that not produced appressorium infected from the gland of licorice. Urediospore of Uromyces glycyrrhizae Magn. complete the infection need 68 hours at 15℃,but incubation period spend 24 days. Winter spore or mycelium that by overwintering were primary infection source of disease,urediospore spread by airflow was further infection source,disease spread in center,belongs to the multicycle diseases. Conclusion： Growth and decline regularity,disseminated cycle regularity and infection process were made clear, The result provides theoretical support for control licorice rust scientifically and effectively.

关 键 词：甘草 甘草单胞锈菌 锈病 流行规律 

分 类 号：R284.1[医药卫生—中药学]