香樟不同器官对空气中重金属的指示作用  

Indicating Function of Different Organs of Cinnamomum camphora to Heavy Metals in Air

作　　者：刘波[1,2] 林匡飞[1] 赵建华[1] 刘曦子[3] 苏禄晖 杨意[4] 沙妙清 杨明华 朱丽红 

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学资源与环境工程学院国家环境保护化工过程环境风险评价与控制重点实验室,上海200237 [2]上海市医药学校,上海200135 [3]南京大学金陵学院化学与生命科学学院,南京210037 [4]上海市浦东新区公路管理署,上海200129

出　　处：《科技通报》2016年第5期61-67,共7页Bulletin of Science and Technology

摘　　要：以交通繁忙区(污染点)和相对清洁区(对照点)道路两侧的香樟(Cinnamomum camphora(L.)Presl.)为研究对象,测定了不同器官(包括主干、老树皮、2年生枝条、1年生枝条、叶片和果实)中重金属元素(Pb、Cd、Zn、Cu、As、Ni)的含量,并对污染点香樟各器官中6种重金属元素的累积量和污染指数及二者的分布比例进行分析。研究结果表明:香樟体内重金属元素的含量因样点、器官及重金属元素的不同而呈现不同的变化规律,污染点6种重金属元素的累积量及其分布比例、污染指数及其分布比例则因器官和元素的不同而有明显差异。总体上看,污染点各器官的Pb、Cd、Zn、Cu、As和Ni含量均高于对照点,且差异显著(P<0.05);6种重金属元素相比较,均以Zn含量最高,Cu含量次之,而Pb、As、Ni含量较低;在不同器官中同一重金属元素的含量也有明显差异,其中,2年生枝条中的Pb、Cu和As含量最高,老树皮中Cd和Ni含量最高,一年生枝条中的Zn含量最高。各重金属元素的累积量及其分布比例均以叶片最高,其次为老树皮;而各重金属元素的污染指数及其分布比例:Pb和Zn以叶片最高,老树皮次之;其他4种重金属元素以老树皮为最,叶片次之。研究结果显示:香樟各器官对空气中的重金属元素均有一定的吸附能力,并且叶片和老树皮的吸附能力明显优于其他器官,能很好地指示空气中的重金属污染。Taking Cinnamomum camphora（L.）Presl. on both sides of road in traffic busy area （pollutionplot） and relatively clean area（the control plot） as research objects, contents of Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, As and Niin different organs including trunk, old bark, biennial branch, annual branch, leaf and fruit weredetermined, and cumulative amount and pollution index and their distribution proportion of six heavymetal elements in different organs of Cinnamomum camphora（L.）Presl. at pollution plot were analyzed.The results show that heavy metal element contents in the body C. camphoraa appear different changeregulation because of differences in sampling plots, organs and elements, and there are obviousdifferences in cumulative amount and its distributionproportion, pollution index and its distributionproportion of 6 heavy metal elements at pollution plot because of differences in organs and elements.Overall, contents of Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, As and Ni in each organ at pollution plot are all higher than those atthe control plot with significant difference （P〈0.05）. Compared among 6 heavy metal elements, content ofZn is the highest, content of Cu is the second, while the contents of Pb、As、Ni are lower. And the contentof same heavy metal element in different organs also has obvious difference, content of Pb, Cu and As inbiennial branch are the highest. Cd and Ni in old bark are the highest, content of Zn in annual branch isthe highest. Cumulative amount and its distribution proportion of 6 heavy metal elements are the highestin leaf, secondly in old bark, lower in fruit and annual branch, while the pollution index Pb and Zn itsdistribution proportion are the highest in old bark, the pollution index of other 4 heavy metal elementsare the highest in leaf. It is indicated that the organs of C.camphoraa all have a certain absorptioncapacity to heavy metal elements in air, and absorption capacities of leaf and old bark both are obviouslybetter than those of other organs . Leaf and tree bark are good indicator of heavy met

关 键 词：香樟 器官 空气污染 重金属元素 污染指数 指示作用 

分 类 号：Q948.116[生物学—植物学]