基于GIS的城市应急避难场所布局研究  

Study on the Layout Optimization of the City Emergency Shelter Based on GIS

作　　者：周兆军[1] 李攀[2] 

机构地区：[1]防灾科技学院地震科学系,河北三河065201 [2]防灾科技学院灾害信息工程系,河北三河065201

出　　处：《科技通报》2016年第5期202-206,共5页Bulletin of Science and Technology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研资助项目(2014013109);廊坊市科技技术研究与发展计划自筹经费项目(2014013109)

摘　　要：构建城市应急避难场所避难适宜性评价指标体系,采用信息熵模型确定适宜性评价指标权重,利用多指标指数加权平均值对城市应急避难场所进行适宜性评价。基于应急避难场所的入口和周边应急通道网络分析应急避难场所的服务范围。综合以上分析结合应急避难场所选址原则确定新增应急避难场所备选场址。选取中值模型和最大覆盖模型对备选场所做定量分析,结合GIS网络分析等空间分析技术进行应急避难场所布局综合决策,确定新增应急避难场所最佳位置。形成应急避难场所布局优化完整方法。研究以廊坊市应急避难场所为实例展开,为城市的应急避难场所规划建设提供借鉴。In this paper, the suitability evaluation index system of urban emergency shelter is constructed,and the weight of suitability evaluation index is determined by using the information entropy model.Then, using the weighted average value of the index evaluated the suitability of the urban emergencyshelter. Analysis the service area of emergency shelter based on the entrance of emergency shelter andemergency access network. Based on the above analysis combined with the emergency shelter locationprinciple determined the new emergency shelter standby site. Determine the best location of the newemergency shelter through select the median model and maximal covering model to do quantitativeanalysis on preparation of selected scenes and GIS network analysis technology. Finally, this paper formsa complete method for the optimization of emergency shelters. The study takes the emergency shelter ofLangfang as an example, and provides a reference for the planning and construction of emergencyshelters in the city.

关 键 词：应急避难场所 适宜性评价 信息熵 中值模型 最大覆盖模型 网络分析 

分 类 号：X928.04[环境科学与工程—安全科学]