促进就业抑或强化“福利依赖”?——基于城市低保“反福利依赖政策”的实证分析  

The Double Effect of “Anti-welfare Dependence”: Employment Promotion and New Problems of Assistance Dependent

作　　者：兰剑[1] 慈勤英[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学社会学系,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《西南大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第3期36-44,共9页Journal of Southwest University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大攻关项目"完善社会救助制度研究"(13JZD020);首席专家:慈勤英;中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目"社会救助‘依赖陷阱’及其就业激励机制研究"(2014117010201);项目负责人:兰剑

摘　　要：促进有劳动能力的失业低保受助者重新就业,是反福利依赖政策的根本目标,也是规避救助依赖的重要方式。采用城市低保的实证调查数据,分析反福利依赖政策对城市低保受助者就业行为以及失业后再就业积极性的影响情况。研究表明:反福利依赖政策具有"双重效用",既可以促进低保受助者就业,但也可能降低未就业受助者找工作积极性与再就业意愿,强化受助者救助依赖心理,导致新的福利依赖问题。由此提出:要适当调整现行的反福利依赖政策,加强对就业困难低保受助者的直接就业援助;由解决"收入贫困"问题转向破解"能力贫困"问题,构建以教育和技能培训为重点的就业支持体系,加强对适龄劳动力低保受助者的就业能力培养。It is the fundamental goal of anti-welfare dependence policy,and also an important way of avoiding welfare dependence to promote unemployment among people who are able to work but receiving allowances to re-enter the job market.Using the data collected from the city minimum living security groups,the paper analyzes the affect of anti-welfare dependence policy on recipients'employment and active influences of the re-employment.Research shows that anti-welfare dependence policy has'double effects'.It can not only promote the recipients'employment,but may also reduce the initiative of finding work and the desire to get another job,therefore it can strengthen the recipients'psychological dependence,leading to new problems of welfare dependence.Thus this paper proposes that it should adjust the current anti-welfare dependence policy,strengthen direct employment aid to recipients with employment difficulties,construct employment support system focusing on the education and skill training,solving problems from the'income poverty'to'capability poverty',and strengthen the cultivation of the recipients'ability for obtaining employment.

关 键 词：社会救助 城市低保 福利依赖 反福利依赖 再就业 收入贫困 能力贫困 

分 类 号：C913.7[经济管理]