出国人员旅行相关预防接种认知情况调查分析  

A survey on the knowledge level of travel vaccine and immunization among Chinese people who will go abroad

作　　者：张敏[1] 颜杰[1] 张建明[1] 吴迪 贾翠英[3] 车红[4] 张孟璋[5] 刘伟 鞠文东 李义光 

机构地区：[1]广东国际旅行卫生保健中心,广东广州510635 [2]陕西国际旅行卫生保健中心 [3]新疆国际旅行卫生保健中心 [4]云南国际旅行卫生保健中心 [5]福建国际旅行卫生保健中心 [6]江西国际旅行卫生保健中心 [7]黑龙江国际旅行卫生保健中心 [8]长春国际旅行卫生保健中心

出　　处：《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》2016年第1期43-47,共5页Chinese Journal of Frontier Health and Quarantine

基　　金：国家质检总局科技计划项目(2015IK068)

摘　　要：目的了解出国人员在咨询前对预防接种知识的认知情况,有的放矢地做好旅行医学咨询工作。方法自行设计问卷,在14个国际旅行卫生保健中心随机选取即将出国的旅行者为调查对象,进行问卷调查。按照性别、年龄、地域、受教育程度、是否首次旅行等不同组别,对预防接种知识和信息获取情况进行比较分析。结果共获得有效问卷2 800份。出国人员对预防接种的平均知晓率为75.2%,受教育程度和过去的旅行经验对知晓率有正向影响。旅行相关预防接种信息的获取方式,各组间的差异有统计学意义（P〈0.0001）;签证要求是旅行者寻求接种咨询的主要原因,旅行社或中介公司是旅行相关预防接种的第二大信息源。出国人员对疫苗的副作用认知度介于73.3%-83.1%;仅51.1%的人了解在出国前应提前4-8周进行旅行医学咨询和接种相关预防。对单项疫苗的认知调查显示,除对乙型肝炎及其疫苗的知晓率较高（53.7%）外,出国人员对其他旅行相关疫苗可预防疾病的知晓率仅为17.3%-36.5%。结论出国人员对预防接种相关知识的平均知晓率尚可,但仍有必要开展预防接种以及接种的咨询、宣教活动;宣教活动不应忽视现阶段中国旅行者的信息获取习惯。预防接种推介时需关注旅行者的受教育程度、旅行经验、居住地域和性别的差异。Objective A survey on the knowledge level about vaccine and travel immunization was conducted among pre-travel respondents for a better travel medical consultation within limited period of time in travel clinics.Methods Questionnaire random survey was undertaken among people who visited travel clinics in 14 different Chinese cities. Differences about knowledge of immunization in different groups of genders,ages,living areas,education backgrounds and travel experiences,were analyzed. Results Among 2 800 respondents,average awareness of travel immunization was 75.2%. The respondents had different ways to collect information for the immunization,the differences were significant（P〈0.0001）. Most travelers sought for travel vaccination because visa requirement,travel agency was the 2nd largest source of vaccination information. The respondents had good awareness of side effects associated with vaccination,rates of correct answers were between 73.3% to 83.1%. Only 51.1% respondents knew that travel medical consultation should be undergone 4-8 weeks before departure. The highest awareness of individual vaccine was hepatitis B（53.7%）,awareness of other vaccines was between 17.2% to 36.5%. Conclusion The respondents had some knowledge about travel related vaccines and immunization,but communication still should be strengthened for improving the awareness and compliance among travelers. During consultation,medical providers should concern individual backgrounds of travelers including living area,education level,travel experience,age and gender.

关 键 词：预防接种 旅行医学咨询 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]