西方草坪建植观念之形成及其全球传播(上):起源及其在欧美的发展  

The Formation and Diffusion of the Idea of Lawn on a Global Scale(1):Origins and Developments in the West

作　　者：刘亦师[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学建筑学院

出　　处：《风景园林》2016年第2期94-101,共8页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金:殖民主义与中国近代建筑史研究的新范式(51308317);清华大学自主科研基金:清华大学近代建筑测绘与资料库建设(2014z21034)~~

摘　　要：草坪在西方中世纪时已成为艺术和文学描绘的对象,但作为造景元素出现在园林中则始于17世纪的法国式园林,并在18世纪英国式园林中跃升为主导性构园要素,深刻影响了西方的造园哲学和实践,被赋予了丰富的社会、政治和文化意义。本文从观念史角度,考察草坪建植在西方世界各地经历的不同的发展历程及其背后的政治、文化差异,论述其何以普及于公共、半公共和私人空间等3个领域,从而彻底改变了西方的城市景观和人们的生活方式。Lawn had been a subject of Medieval and Renaissance art in the West, but it was not until the seventeenth century when French formal garden swept across Europe that lawn rose to a subordinate place in garden making, and then became a dominating element when English informal garden took sway during the eighteenth century. From the very beginning, lawn bespoke political and cultural value, and has ever since had fundamental impact on Western garden design and philosophy, and was applied to urban landscape in the West since the nineteenth century as a result of technological advancement. This paper reviews the development of the idea of lawn in various Western countries as part of social and political change, and the significance of lawn on three spatial levels： public such as parks, semi-public such as campuses of newly-set institutions, and private including suburban houses.

关 键 词：草坪 观念史 法国式园林 英国式园林 郊区化 全球性 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]