内蒙古凉城县忻州窑子墓地东周时期的人骨  

Research on ancient human skulls from the Xinzhouyaozi cemetery of the Eastern Zhou period in Liangcheng county, Inner Mongolia

作　　者：张全超[1] 韩涛[1] 张群[1] 孙金松 党郁 曹建恩 朱泓[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学边疆考古研究中心,长春130012 [2]内蒙古自治区文物保护中心,呼和浩特010020 [3]内蒙古文物考古研究所,呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《人类学学报》2016年第2期198-211,共14页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金重大项目(14ZDB050);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(15JJD780004);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(11JJD780008);霍英东教育基金会青年教师基金基础性研究课题(141111);国家基础科学人才培养基金项目(J1210007);吉林大学基本科研业务费(2012QY090)

摘　　要：忻州窑子墓地是近年来内蒙古中南部地区重要的考古发现之一,该墓地出土人骨标本是内蒙古中南部地区东周时期最具有代表性的古代人类标本,在探讨该时期中原王朝北扩疆土与北方民族南下冲突融合的历史过程问题上具有重要的学术价值。本文对出土的31例东周时期的颅骨标本(男性21例,女性10例)进行了体质人类学的研究,根据颅骨形态特征的差异,我们将该墓地的人群分为两组,即忻州窑子A组和忻州窑子B组。经过对比分析可知,忻州窑子A组居民的颅骨形态特征与先秦时期的"古蒙古高原类型"居民十分一致,忻州窑子B组居民则与"古中原类型"居民较为接近。忻州窑子墓地中未见有不同文化系统的葬俗,但在人群构成上却包括了两类体质特征差异显著的群体,佐证了这一时期该地区古代人群的构成具有强烈的融合性与多源性。This paper reports an anthropometrical study of human remains recovered from the Xinzhouyaozi cemetery, a Bronze Age cemetery site located in Liangcheng County, Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region. It is estimated that the cemetery can be dated back to the Eastern Zhou period by the artefacts, the shape of the tombs and radiocarbon dating. The skeletal specimens is important in the South and Central Inner Mongolia region at present, so it plays an valuable role in the study of ancient racial type in this region and has become an important gauge for the archaeological culture study in this region. The authors applied anthropometrical methods in quantifying the human skulls. In this article, 31 ancient human skulls（21 male, 10 female） unearthed from the cemetery were studied. Based on differences shown in the morphological features skulls from the Xinzhouyaozi cemetery can be divided into A and B groups. Morphological features of group A crania indicate physical characteristics similar to those in modern North Asiatic Mongoloids with the racial type closely related to the ＂Ancient Mongolian Plateau Type＂. The group B is closely related to the modern East Asiatic Mongoloids and belongs to the ＂Ancient Central Plains Type＂. Another signifi cant difference shown in this cemetery is in the species and number of animals buried in different kinds of tombs. Horses, cattle, sheep, pigs and dogs were identifi ed, but the number of animals buried in group A tombs is much more than in group B. This observation indicates that group A were involved with animal husbandry. However, the existence of pigs and dogs shows that agriculture also played an important subsistence role. The Eastern Zhou Period is an important time when nomadic people from the Mongolian Plateau immigrated southward. The change of the population brought a large revolution in terms of archaeological culture, technology and lifestyle. The existence of different kinds of racial types in one cemetery supports the diversity and integration of the popula

关 键 词：内蒙古凉城 忻州窑子 颅骨 古蒙古高原类型 古中原类型 

分 类 号：Q983.3[生物学—人类学]