海拔对儿童和青少年生长发育的影响  

Altitude effects on growth and development of children and adolescents

作　　者：席焕久[1] 李文慧[1] 温有锋[1] 刘堃[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁医学院生物人类学研究所,锦州121001

出　　处：《人类学学报》2016年第2期267-282,共16页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30270696)

摘　　要：为进一步探讨自然环境因素对生长发育的影响,本文收集了14个省会城市1996年以来7-18岁107986(男56300,女51686)儿童青少年的身高、体重、胸围资料及体质测量当年的海拔、年降水量、年均气温和年日照时数资料,做海拔等自然环境因素与发育指标的Z-分数和发育分相关与回归分析。结果表明,从低海拔组到中海拔组、高海拔组,儿童青少年的生长发育指标逐步下降,其中体重与BMI有统计学意义(P<0.05),但身高和胸围无统计学意义(P>0.05),低海拔组发育指标明显好于高海拔组;生长发育水平与海拔的相关系数大于年均气温和日照时数,与年降水量不相关;回归分析表明海拔每增加1000m,身高、体重、胸围和BMI分别减少0.112,0.101,0.043和0.118个Z-分数。在四项自然环境因素中,海拔对生长发育的影响最大,对身高、体重、胸围和BMI的贡献率分别是28.0%,26.8%,12.0%,16.8%。In this research, the effect of altitude on growth and development of 107,986 children and adolescents from 7 to 18 years old in 14 capital cities of China was examined. Altitude, annual precipitation, average annual temperature and annual sunshine hours were regressed using z-scores and developmental scores for height, weight, chest circumference and BMI. Independent of environmental conditions, altitude negatively affected height, weight, chest circumference and BMI by approximately-0.112,-0.101,-0.043 and- 0.118 z-scores per kilometer altitude above sea level, respectively. Approximately 28.0%, 26.8%, 12.0%, 16.8% of a reduction of height, weight, chest circumference and BMI were due to altitude effects among four natural circumference factors. There was a declining gradient from low to high altitude although it was insignificant（P〉0.05） for height and chest circumference but significant（P〈0.05） for weight and BMI. However, the development level of children and adolescents in low altitude groups is much better than that found in high altitude groups. Altitude was an important factor in affecting growth and development of children and adolescents.

关 键 词：海拔 影响 生长发育 省会城市 

分 类 号：Q983[生物学—人类学]