南部吴语齐韵字的读音层次及演变  

The strata and evolution of the Qi(齐) rhyme category in southern Wu dialects

作　　者：孙宜志[1] 

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学人文学院

出　　处：《中国语文》2016年第3期359-370,384,共12页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(14BYY036)的资助

摘　　要：南部吴语齐韵字的今读有七个层次:层次Ⅰ齐灰合韵,层次Ⅱ齐咍合韵,层次Ⅲ齐麻三合韵,层次Ⅳ齐支白读合韵,层次Ⅴ、层次Ⅵ和层次Ⅶ都是齐与脂之支微合韵,层次Ⅴ是韵母脱落介音而形成的,层次Ⅵ是主要元音受前高元音介音影响而形成的,层次Ⅶ是精组个别齐韵字在与脂之支微合韵的过程中变化更快先行与精组止摄三等字高化并裂化而形成的。层次Ⅰ和层次Ⅱ反映的都是两汉魏晋时期的语音特点,层次Ⅲ是先秦脂部字向层次Ⅳ演变的中间阶段。层次Ⅳ反映的是六朝的语音特征,层次Ⅴ晚于层次Ⅳ,层次Ⅵ和层次Ⅶ反映的是宋代以后的语音特点。This paper finds that there are seven strata of the Qi(齐) rhyme of Qieyun(切韵) in southern Wu dialects. Stratum Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ merge respectively with the Hui(灰) rhyme, the Hai(咍) rhyme, the division 3 of Ma(麻) rhyme and the colloquial reading of the Zhi(支) rhyme. Although stratum V, VI, and VII of the Qi rhyme all merge with Zhi(脂) Zhi(之) Zhi(支) Wei(微) rhymes, the mechanisms are very different: stratum V results from the disappearance of the midials, the main vowels of the characters of stratum VI are influenced by high dental vowel, and stratum VII forms because of the phonetic changes of the vowels in some characters with the Jing(精) group initials. It finally indicates that: 1) both stratum I and II represent the features of the Han-Wei-Jin Dynasties; 2) stratum III reflects the transitional status of the Zhi(脂) rhyme from the Qin Dynasty to the Six Dynasties; 3) the formation of stratum IV is around the Six Dynasties, and earlier than stratum V; 4) stratum VI and VII have the features of the Song Dynasty, or even later.

关 键 词：南部吴语 齐韵 层次 

分 类 号：H173[语言文字—汉语]