中药冬虫夏草和所含多种冬虫夏草菌拉丁名混用的历史和现状  

Indiscriminate use of Latin name for natural Cordyceps sinensis insect-fungi complex and multiple Ophiocordyceps sinensis fungi

作　　者：姚艺桑[1] 朱佳石[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学深圳研究生院生命与健康科学学部,广东深圳518055 [2]香港理工大学应用生物学和化学科技系

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2016年第7期1361-1366,共6页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

摘　　要：中药冬虫夏草是冬虫夏草菌和蝠蛾科幼虫尸体的物种混合体。但冬虫夏草和冬虫夏草菌使用同一拉丁名Ophiocordyceps sinensis(≡Cordyceps sinensis),导致特指概念不清和争议,甚至影响政府的政策法规的制订和大众的市场消费心理。该文综述了冬虫夏草(虫菌复合体)和冬虫夏草菌拉丁名混用的历史考证和现状,以及文献中有关天然冬虫夏草更名的建议。有学者建议O.sinensis用于多种冬虫夏草菌,而中药冬虫夏草改用Chinese cordyceps,不设拉丁名。另有学者建议中药冬虫夏草更名为Ophiocordyceps&Hepialidae。这些建议有待学界达成共识。该文也分析2011年世界菌物学会IMA颁布《阿姆斯特丹宣言》以来学界在争议中实施"One Fungus=One Name",进一步加剧了拉丁名特指概念的混乱。IMA为解决争议设立了争议解决机制。解决这一拉丁名的混用和争议需要菌物、动物和中药分类学家通力合作,共同努力。Natural Cordyceps sinensis（ Dongchongxiacao） is an insect-fungi complex containing multiple Ophiocordyceps sinensis（ ≡Cordyceps sinensis） fungi and dead body of larva of the family of Hepialidae. But natural C. sinensis and O. sinensis fungi use the same Latin name,resulting in uncertainty of the specific meaning,even disturbing the formulation and implementation of governmental policies and regulations,and influencing consumer psychology onthe market. This paper reviews the history and current status of the indiscriminate use of the Latin name O. sinensis for both the natural insect-fungi complex C. sinensis and O. sinensis fungi and lists the rename suggetions. Some scholars suggested using the term O. sinensis for the fungi and renaming the natural C. sinensis＂Chinese cordyceps＂. Others suggested renaming the natural C. sinensis＂Ophiocordyceps Hepialidae＂. Both suggestions have not reached general consensus due to various academic concerns. This paper also reviews the exacerbation of the academic uncertainties when forcing implementing the 2011 Amsterdam Declaration＂One Fungus = One Name＂under the academic debate. Joint efforts of mycological,zoological and botany-TCM taxonomists and properly initiating the dispute systems offered by International Mycology Association may solve the debate on the indiscriminate use of the Latin name O. sinensis for the natural insect-fungi complex,the teleomorph and anamorph（ s） of O. sinensis fungi.

关 键 词：冬虫夏草虫菌物种复合体 冬虫夏草菌有性型和无性型 《阿姆斯特丹宣言》 

分 类 号：S567.35[农业科学—中草药栽培]