中棉所63棉铃对位叶光合生理性能的杂种优势研究  

Heterosis Studies on Photosynthetic and Physiological Performance of the Subtending Leaf of Cotton Boll of CCRI 63

作　　者：葛勇[1] 李威[1] 刘艳改[1] 裴小雨[1] 周晓箭[1] 周克海[1] 张文生[1] 王海风[1] 孟清芹[1] 马雄风[1] 杨代刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院棉花研究所/棉花生物学国家重点实验室,河南安阳455000

出　　处：《棉花学报》2016年第3期250-259,共10页Cotton Science

基　　金：棉花生物学国家重点实验室基金(CB2014C12);国家棉花产业技术体系(CARS-18-05);国家自然科学基金(31401431)

摘　　要：以杂交棉中棉所63及其亲本为材料,在棉铃发育时期对棉铃对位叶的生理和光合性能指标进行测定,探索中棉所63获得高产的杂种优势形成机理。结果表明:1)中棉所63产量优势显著。单株结铃数比两亲本分别高21.52%,43.28%,铃重高2.42%,19.31%,叶面积载铃量高22.39%,22.30%。2)中棉所63在棉铃发育后期棉铃对位叶生理指标表现出显著的杂种优势。棉铃对位叶叶面积分别比亲本高26.60%,59.41%,并且中棉所63棉铃对位叶保持较高水平的SOD活性,使其生理代谢明显提高;与此同时,中棉所63的MDA含量显著低于亲本,细胞膜受损较轻,延缓了对位叶的衰老。3)中棉所63在棉铃发育后期棉铃对位叶光合指标表现出显著的杂种优势。在棉铃发育后期,中棉所63叶绿素含量、SPS活性的高水平,能够维持高效率的光合作用,积累更多的光合产物,从而使中棉所63获得较高的单株结铃数和铃重,最终获得高产。This study explored the formation mechanism of heterosis in the hybrid cotton CCRI 63. CCRI 63 and its two parents were used to determine the physiological and photosynthetic characteristics of the subtending leaf at various developmental stages of the cotton boll. Results revealed：（1） Yield heterosis of CCRI63 was obvious; boll number per plant of CCRI 63 was21.52% and 43.28% higher than the two parents, respectively. In addition, the boll weight of CCRI63 was 2.42% and 19.31%greater than its parents, respectively, and the boll load of unit leaf area was 22.39% and 22.30% greater.（2） Physiological characteristics of the CCRI 63 subtending leaf exhibited significant heterosis in the late development stage of boll-forming. The subtending leaf area of CCRI 63 was 26.60% and 59.41% greater than its parents, respectively. The high-level of superoxidase dismutase activity may have allowed physiological metabolism in the subtending leaf of CCRI 63 to improve significantly. Meanwhile, the low-level of malondialdehyde activity likely reduced cell membrane damage and delayed subtending leaf senescence in CCRI 63.（3） The photosynthetic performance of the CCRI63 subtending leaf displayed significant heterosis in the late stage of boll development. In the late cotton boll development stage, the high-level chlorophyll content and sucrose phosphate synthase activity allowed CCRI 63 to maintain efficient photosynthesis and accumulate more photosynthetic products, which might lead to CCRI 63 obtaining a higher boll number per plant and boll weight, and thus obtain higher yields.

关 键 词：中棉所63 棉铃对位叶 杂种优势 光合性能 生理指标 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]