日本看麦娘对小麦光合生理特性的影响  

Effects of Alopecurus japonicus Steud.Density on Photosynthetic Physiological Characteristics of Wheat

作　　者：张卓亚[1] 王晓琳[2] 许晓明[1] 李贵[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学生命科学学院,江苏南京210095 [2]江苏省农业科学院植物保护研究所,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2016年第4期531-537,共7页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303022);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD19B02);国家自然科学基金项目(31501656;31272080)

摘　　要：为研究日本看麦娘胁迫导致小麦产量降低的生理机制,以扬麦16和宁麦13为材料,通过池栽试验研究了日本看麦娘的8种密度（0、10、20、40、80、160、320、640株·m^-2）对小麦光合特性、叶绿素荧光猝灭参数及光合关键酶Rubisco活性的影响,并比较了两种小麦品种的竞争能力。结果表明,随着日本看麦娘密度的增加,两种小麦的株高、穗长、净光合速率、Rubisco活性和产量等均有不同程度的降低。当日本看麦娘密度大于20株·m^-2时,扬麦16的光合速率和产量较对照显著降低,降低幅度达11.6%-15.9%、15.5%-50.8%;宁麦13的净光合速率和产量较对照显著降低,降低幅度为6.5%-14.6%、25.1%-49.2%;宁麦13的穗长、净光合速率、PSⅡ最大光化学效率和Rubisco活性等降幅低于扬麦16。日本看麦娘胁迫降低了小麦Rubisco活性、叶片的光合能力、光能转化效率,是导致小麦产量降低的主要生理原因。扬麦16对日本看麦娘胁迫的光合生理响应比宁麦13更敏感。In order to study the physiological mechanism of wheat yield reduction resulted from the Alopecurus japonicus Steud.stress,Yangmai 16 and Ningmai 13 were selected as materials in pool-culture experiment to study the effects of Alopecurus japonicus Steud.with eight densities（0,10,20,40,80,160,320,640 plants per square meter）on photosynthetic characteristics,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and activities of key photosynthetic enzymes in wheat,and meanwhile,to compare the competitive ability of two wheat varieties.The results showed that,with the increasing of Alopecurus japonicus Steud.density,plant height,panicle length,net photosynthetic rate,Rubisco activity and yield of wheat were decreased in varying degrees.When Alopecurus japonicus Steud.density was greater than 20 plants per square meter,the net photosynthetic rate and yield of Yangmai 16 were decreased significantly by 11.6%-15.9%,15.5%-50.8%,and those of Ningmai 13 were decreased significantly by 6.5%-14.6%,25.1%-49.2%.Simultaneously,the declines in panicle length,leaf net photosynthetic rate,maximum photochemical effciency of PSⅡand Rubisco activity of Ningmai 13 were less than those of Yangmai 16.Alopecurus japonicus Steud.decreased Rubisco activity ofwheat,influenced leaf photosynthetic capacity and energy conversion efficiency,which were the main physiological factor of wheat yield reduction.Under Alopecurus japonicus Steud.stress condition,the response to photosynthetic physiology of Yangmai 16 was more sensitive than that of Ningmai 13.

关 键 词：日本看麦娘 胁迫 小麦 光合生理 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S451