走马楼吴简上中下品户数簿整理与研究——兼论孙吴的户等制  

The Restoration and Studies on the Household Rating Accounting Records in the Bamboo Slips of the Wu Kingdom Unearthed at Zoumalou and the Household Rating System

作　　者：凌文超[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院历史研究所

出　　处：《中国经济史研究》2016年第3期161-175,共15页Researches in Chinese Economic History

摘　　要：根据考古学整理信息和简牍遗存信息整理的走马楼吴简"上中下品户数簿",记录了岁伍所领吏民户数及其上、中、下三户品等具体情况,但未记户口簿籍中常见的"下品之下""下户之下"。结合其他与户品、户訾有关的吴简材料进行分析,孙吴嘉禾年间实际征调过程中,虽然名义上遵循户分三品的旧制,但其执行的依据或为繁密的户訾,或将民户划分为新、故户,各分三品,实则是通过调整社会结构,不断增加户等,达到扩大官府赋役收入的目的。这些与户等相关且日益细化的等级,在日常行政中长期利用,久而久之,如"下品之下"一样,逐渐成为实际上的户品,并最终制度化。从户三品到户九品,其背后不仅有官方的推动,也有民众的顺应与需求。Based on the archaeological date,with the references of the information bore by the artifacts themselves,the bamboo slips of the household rating accounting records in the bamboo slips of the Wu Kingdom in the Three-Kingdoms Period unearthed at Zoumalou were restored. The ＂shangzhongxiapin hushu bu＂（ accout book for the household rating and amount） was the records of the amount of the upper,middle and inferior household. There was no ＂xiapinzhixia ＂（ under the inferior household rating）. With other household rating materials to analyze,the household rating was a third-class system in Sun-Wu Jiahe years. However,it was not the actual basis for levying taxes and corvee labor. The government often made more household ratings to increase taxes and labor, and people gladly accepted household rating heightened. Because of that,the household rating was developed from third-class to ninth-class system.

关 键 词：走马楼吴简 上中下品户数簿 户品 户等制 

分 类 号：K877.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]