三倍体芍药品种花粉母细胞减数分裂行为观察与比较  

Meiosis Observation and Comparison of Pollen Mother Cells of Triploid Paeonia lactiflora Cultivars

作　　者：王玉蛟[1] 刘建鑫[1] 于晓南[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学园林学院,北京100083 [2]国家花卉工程技术研究中心,北京100083 [3]花卉种质资源创新与育种北京市重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《植物研究》2016年第3期341-347,共7页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31400591)~~

摘　　要：芍药是中国传统名花,我国品种均为二倍体,培育多倍体新品种是一项长期的育种目标。本研究选取3个芍药三倍体新品种,采用植物染色常规压片法观察其花粉母细胞的减数分裂情况。结果显示:(1)同一品种不同花蕾直径大小的花粉母细胞所处的分裂状态不同,同一品种同一花蕾直径大小花粉母细胞有不同步分裂现象,但大多数表现为相同的分裂相;(2)不同品种的相近花蕾直径大小所处的分裂时期也不同,有比较显著的差异,因此直径不能作为判断减数分裂时期的唯一的标准;(3)三倍体品种花粉母细胞减数分裂存在单价体、三价体、染色体桥、染色体不均等分离等染色体异常行为,这些异常行为使一些遗传物质缺失或最终形成二分体或三分体,导致三倍体花粉的育性非常低。该研究为掌握芍药三倍体减数分裂规律及多倍体育种奠定了细胞学基础。Paeonia lactiflora is a traditional Chinese flower. The traditional cultivars are diploid, and cultivating new cultivars has become an important goal in breeding. We selected three new cultivars of peony triploid,‘Brightness＇,‘Roseletter＇and ‘Coral Sunset＇,and observed its meiosis behavior of pollen mother cells by fluorescence microscope. The pollen mother cells of the same variety with same bud diameter were not divided synchronously. But the majority performed same meiosis state. The different cultivars of the similar bud diameter were also different in the period of meiosis,and had significant differences. There were many chromosome abnormal behaviors in the meiosis of pollen mother cell of triploid cultivars,such as the univalent chromosome,the trivalent chromosome,the chromosome bridge and unequal separation and so on. These abnormal behavior leading to triploid pollen fertility is very low.

关 键 词：芍药 三倍体 减数分裂 

分 类 号：S682.12[农业科学—观赏园艺]